Partially ionized gases are involved in a wide range of aerospace applications. The accurate evaluation of their thermophysical properties is achieved by accounting for the non-equilibrium effects involved. Such conditions are not properly modeled by classical fluid methods of CFD: more sophisticated approaches are needed. The present work focuses on providing an accurate evaluation of chemical reaction rates in such conditions. The treatment is specialized for electron impact ionization processes, for which the dynamic of electronic population is described by means of VDFs that differ from the one of heavy species. In particular, the effects of anisotropy in electronic temperature are investigated. In this thesis, suitable and robust numerical methods which allow to tackle the aforementioned issues are conceived. The approaches developed are implemented in Mutation++, an open source software library which ensures the efficient evaluation of thermophysical properties of partially ionized gases using state-of-the-art, object-oriented algorithms and data structures in C++. In particular, the present work is a first step in introducing into the library the capability to treat non-equilibrium velocity distribution functions. The direction pursued is to move towards more general VDFs which will increase Mutation++ range of applicability, allowing the library to model non-equilibrium effects for which classical fluid methods are not suitable whereas moment methods establish a promising strategy.
Molte applicazioni in ambito aerospaziale coinvolgono la presenza di gas parzialmente ionizzati. Valutare in maniera adeguata le loro proprietà termochimiche risulta essenziale per svolgere accurate simulazioni numeriche. A seguito degli effetti di non-equilibrio coinvolti, tali proprietà non possono essere studiate con i modelli presenti nei codici CFD più comuni, ma sono richiesti approcci più sofisticati. La presente tesi mira a fornire un calcolo accurato dei ratei chimici in tali condizioni. Particolare attenzione è posta nello studio dei processi di ionizzazione dovuti a impatti elettronici, in cui la funzione di distribuzione delle velocità (VDF) elettronica tiene conto di un'anisotropia nelle temperature. In questo lavoro, sono stati sviluppati metodi numerici atti a studiare le suddette casistiche e, una volta validati, sono stati implementati in Mutation++, una libreria open source che permette il calcolo efficiente di tali proprietà tramite l'utilizzo di algoritmi sviluppati in C++ secondo una logica di programmazione orientata a oggetti. Con questa tesi viene introdotta per la prima volta nella libreria la possibilità di trattare VDF che si discostano dalla condizione di equilibrio termico locale. La direzione finale che si intende seguire è generalizzare le novità apportate implementando VDF parametrizzate, estendendo ulteriormente le capacità della libreria. Questo permette di modellare condizioni di non-equilibrio per cui i classici metodi a fluido non risultano sufficientemente accurati mentre i metodi ai momenti presentano una strategia promettente.
A numerical model to evaluate reaction rates of plasmas in electronic non-equilibrium conditions
Cerutti, Alessio
2020/2021
Abstract
Partially ionized gases are involved in a wide range of aerospace applications. The accurate evaluation of their thermophysical properties is achieved by accounting for the non-equilibrium effects involved. Such conditions are not properly modeled by classical fluid methods of CFD: more sophisticated approaches are needed. The present work focuses on providing an accurate evaluation of chemical reaction rates in such conditions. The treatment is specialized for electron impact ionization processes, for which the dynamic of electronic population is described by means of VDFs that differ from the one of heavy species. In particular, the effects of anisotropy in electronic temperature are investigated. In this thesis, suitable and robust numerical methods which allow to tackle the aforementioned issues are conceived. The approaches developed are implemented in Mutation++, an open source software library which ensures the efficient evaluation of thermophysical properties of partially ionized gases using state-of-the-art, object-oriented algorithms and data structures in C++. In particular, the present work is a first step in introducing into the library the capability to treat non-equilibrium velocity distribution functions. The direction pursued is to move towards more general VDFs which will increase Mutation++ range of applicability, allowing the library to model non-equilibrium effects for which classical fluid methods are not suitable whereas moment methods establish a promising strategy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/188366