Market and Progress keep on going to electrification and driving assistance in order to improve Eco-sustainability and safety. In this way, in electrified vehicles, energy consumption management and Ion batteries’ safety take a place of high importance. Those two goals lead to the necessity of a good power and battery control, so it was decided to develop a case study based on safety and energy saving in an autonomous drive vehicle adopting Reconfigurable Ion cells battery. The pros of this system are that the car can be fully controlled and the battery can be easily built by a set of switches, no strange nor complex features are necessary. In this paper an MPC (Model based Predictive Control) application can be found; it is an effective and often used control method. MPC will behave as a drive planner, with the feature of controlling and reducing power energy consumption, and as BMS trying to cope with cells’ unbalance issue, solving a mixed-integer problem, since the battery topology nature. It will be seen how vehicle’s performances, battery size, battery topology and active control are highly related to each other, whose limitations will be shown and higher logic solutions will be attempted. Some effective solutions were found, but an unfeasibility problem was reached in terms of architecture and number of controllers, then suggestions were proposed in order to improve or to make this system feasible.
I temi di sostenibilità ecologica e sicurezza spingono il mercato e la ricerca verso l’elettrificazione e la guida assistita. In questo modo, la gestione del consumo di energia e della sicurezza delle batterie a ioni di litio assume un ruolo chiave. Dato che per il raggiungimento di questi obiettivi è necessario avere un buon controllo della batteria e della potenza, si è deciso di sviluppare un caso studio basato su sicurezza e risparmio energetico in un veicolo a guida autonoma, adottando delle batterie a ioni di litio a celle riconfigurabili. I vantaggi del sistema sono la completa controllabilità del veicolo e la facilità di costruzione della batteria tramite un set di interruttori, senza dover usare elementi complessi. In questo studio si analizza un’applicazione dell’MPC, un metodo di controllo molto usato ed efficace. L’MPC si comporta sia come un programmatore di guida, con la funzione di controllare e ridurre potenza ed energia consumate, che come un BMS, cercando di gestire i problemi di sbilanciamento delle celle risolvendo un problema a numeri interi misto (MIP), data la tipologia delle batterie. Si vedrà come le prestazioni del veicolo, la dimensione della batteria, la sua tipologia e il controllo attivo siano strettamente correlati tra loro, quindi si mostreranno le loro limitazioni e si proveranno soluzioni logiche ad alto livello. Nonostante siano state trovate soluzioni efficaci, si sia riscontrato un problema di inattuabilità in termini di architettura e numero di controlli; a questo punto si sono formulate delle proposte di miglioramento per poter implementare il sistema.
Optimal real-time reconfiguration strategy of the battery pack for electric vehicles
Giussani, Alessandro
2020/2021
Abstract
Market and Progress keep on going to electrification and driving assistance in order to improve Eco-sustainability and safety. In this way, in electrified vehicles, energy consumption management and Ion batteries’ safety take a place of high importance. Those two goals lead to the necessity of a good power and battery control, so it was decided to develop a case study based on safety and energy saving in an autonomous drive vehicle adopting Reconfigurable Ion cells battery. The pros of this system are that the car can be fully controlled and the battery can be easily built by a set of switches, no strange nor complex features are necessary. In this paper an MPC (Model based Predictive Control) application can be found; it is an effective and often used control method. MPC will behave as a drive planner, with the feature of controlling and reducing power energy consumption, and as BMS trying to cope with cells’ unbalance issue, solving a mixed-integer problem, since the battery topology nature. It will be seen how vehicle’s performances, battery size, battery topology and active control are highly related to each other, whose limitations will be shown and higher logic solutions will be attempted. Some effective solutions were found, but an unfeasibility problem was reached in terms of architecture and number of controllers, then suggestions were proposed in order to improve or to make this system feasible.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/188463