In the present Master Thesis work in Civil engineering, the wonderful archaeological complex of Huaca de la Luna, located in Peru on the slope of mount Blanco has been taken into consideration. The existing structure is classified as one of the biggest in the world made of adobe bricks, that is a mix of claim, sand and dried straw. Despite the simplicity of the material, the Moche civilization was able to build the so called “Northern Façade” which is over 25 meter high, and it represents the central focus point of this case study. In spite of the lootings and the damage caused by the weather conditions over the years and the seismic events, the majority of the structure has remained intact, becoming a source of information for archaeologists and scholars. In this holistic scenario, we have contributed by developing a numerical analysis by means of Finite Elements (FEM) which allowed us to model the Northern Façade with a 2D model. The model obtained does not only describe the overall geometry of the Facade, but it introduces a first discretization made of macro-blocks. The passage from a continuous model to a discretized one represents an important step towards a more realistic model. Furthermore, the attention to the mechanical properties of the adobe material has not been limited to the elastic behavior but it has developed into the plastic field making use of the Concrete Damage Plasticity tool of Abaqus. The so-defined model was then subjected to gravity and dynamic loads in order to understand the collapse mechanism of the structure. Once having found the weakest area of the Facade a sensitivity analysis was carried out to better understand the behavior based on three parameters such as: the number of blocks, the frictional coefficient and finally the effect of the expression of damage in the model. The final results confirm the previous ones of other works and provide an important contribution to the study of the existing masonry structures.
Nel presente lavoro di Tesi Magistrale in ingegneria civile è stato considerato il maestoso complesso archeologico di Huaca de la Luna, situato in Perù, sulle pendici del monte Blanco. La struttura esistente si categorizza come una fra le più grandi al mondo costituite da mattoni di adobe, ossia impasti di argilla, sabbia e paglia essiccata al sole. Nonostante la semplicità del materiale, la popolazione dei Moche è stata in grado di erigere la cosiddetta “facciata Nord” alta più di 25 metri, la quale rappresenta il fulcro di questo caso di studio. Nonostante i saccheggiamenti e i danni subiti durante gli anni dai fenomeni atmosferici e dagli eventi sismici, gran parte della struttura è rimasta intatta, divenendo fonte di informazioni per archeologici e studiosi. In questo scenario olistico, abbiamo contribuito sviluppando un’analisi numerica agli elementi finiti (FEM) che ci ha permesso di modellizzare la facciata Nord con un modello bidimensionale. Il modello ottenuto non si limita a descrivere la geometria complessiva della facciata ma introduce una prima discretizzazione in macro-blocchi. Il passaggio da modello continuo a modello discretizzato costituisce un importante step verso un modello più realistico. Inoltre, la cura delle proprietà meccaniche del materiale adobe non si è limitata al comportamento elastico ma si è evoluta in campo plastico facendo uso del metodo del Concrete Damage Plasticity fornito dal software Abaqus. Il modello così definito è stato poi sottoposto a carichi gravitazionali e dinamici per indagare il meccanismo di collasso della struttura. Una volta individuata la regione della facciata più sensibile all’instabilità, è stata condotta un’analisi di sensitività per interpretare meglio il comportamento della struttura, basate su tre parametri: numero di blocchi, coefficiente di frizione e infine l’effetto della caratterizzazione del danno nel modello. I risultati finali confermano quelli provenienti da precedenti lavori e fornisco un importante contributo allo studio delle strutture esistenti in muratura.
Seismic analysis of archaeological sites made of adobe blocks : the case of Huaca de la Luna, Peru
RICCIO, CRISTIANA
2021/2022
Abstract
In the present Master Thesis work in Civil engineering, the wonderful archaeological complex of Huaca de la Luna, located in Peru on the slope of mount Blanco has been taken into consideration. The existing structure is classified as one of the biggest in the world made of adobe bricks, that is a mix of claim, sand and dried straw. Despite the simplicity of the material, the Moche civilization was able to build the so called “Northern Façade” which is over 25 meter high, and it represents the central focus point of this case study. In spite of the lootings and the damage caused by the weather conditions over the years and the seismic events, the majority of the structure has remained intact, becoming a source of information for archaeologists and scholars. In this holistic scenario, we have contributed by developing a numerical analysis by means of Finite Elements (FEM) which allowed us to model the Northern Façade with a 2D model. The model obtained does not only describe the overall geometry of the Facade, but it introduces a first discretization made of macro-blocks. The passage from a continuous model to a discretized one represents an important step towards a more realistic model. Furthermore, the attention to the mechanical properties of the adobe material has not been limited to the elastic behavior but it has developed into the plastic field making use of the Concrete Damage Plasticity tool of Abaqus. The so-defined model was then subjected to gravity and dynamic loads in order to understand the collapse mechanism of the structure. Once having found the weakest area of the Facade a sensitivity analysis was carried out to better understand the behavior based on three parameters such as: the number of blocks, the frictional coefficient and finally the effect of the expression of damage in the model. The final results confirm the previous ones of other works and provide an important contribution to the study of the existing masonry structures.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
e.g. 2022_6_Riccio.pdf
accessibile in internet per tutti
Descrizione: Huaca de la Luna - Master Thesis
Dimensione
5.28 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
5.28 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/189042