Contemporary European cities, even tho still maintaining their own characteristics and peculiarities, have been facing a progressive expansion since the second half of the 20th century. Today the consolidated city is therefore located in the city center, mainly it corresponds to the historical city. The formal uniformity of the city is present in limited contexts, linked above all to those in the centre, identified with the historic city. The architectural uniformity based on repetition, a fetish of modernist urbanism, has been broken by an expansion that has often privileged quantitative rather than qualitative requirements. In the midst of this heterogeneous archipelago, made up of urban fragments, certain pre-existing architectural artefacts take on a potential mending value, which does not fit into the immediate logic of their surroundings but seems to interact with a larger, urban or even metropolitan scale. If the large scale, or the ‘bigness’ to use a term of the architect Rem Koolhaas, plays a fundamental role in the definition of these artefacts, it is not the only value that defines or conforms them. They are relics of a past close to us, ruins of modernity, emblems of a functionalism turned into obsolescence. Industries, factories or even hospitals and health care facilities; heterogeneous spaces in the city, emblems of functionalism and industry and paradoxes of the post-industrial city. Icons, because they embody the spirit of their time and are apparently distant from our own. From this premise, these objects would seem to represent a problematic nature of the contemporary city, but the thesis we attempt to argue here is that they embody the exact opposite. Starting from these arguments and with the help of the studio carried out in Paris, in the exchange project for the double title, the project was shaped around the transformation of the Beaujon hospital in Clichy, a city north of Paris. An imposing building, charged with formal and conceptual values linked to its era, the 1930s, as well as being a true European typological novelty, being the first hospital on the continent developed in a logic of vertical operation. The concept was not that of a mere transformation or a banal re-functionalisation, a practice already widely consolidated, but that of setting up a catalysing project, of care for the contemporary city, eschewing utopian drifts or globalising ambitions. This was done by following a three-point strategy, the study of its history and the analysis of its values, the potential, urban and metropolitan aspect, and the definition of a programme that could be open and at the service of the community. These three points were developed in a logic of continuity and reciprocal influence, conforming a path developed in parts but contributing to a whole. Transforming the building, revalorising it in its peculiar traits but questioning it in order to take on peculiar characteristics such as: porosity, permeability and letting the urban landscape pass through it, intercepting it in order to activate it.
Nel contesto attuale della città contemporanea europea, pur se con dei distinguo ed ognuna con le proprie peculiarità, si assiste e, si assistito a partire dalla seconda metà del Novecento, ad una progressiva espansione urbana. L’uniformità formale della città è presente in contesti limitati, legata soprattutto a quelli del centro, identificato con la città storica. L’uniformità architettonica basata sulla ripetizione, feticcio dell’urbanistica modernista, si è infranta in un’espansione che ha privilegiato spesso esigenze di natura quantitativa piuttosto che qualitativa. In mezzo a questo arcipelago eterogeneo, fatto di frammenti urbani, alcuni manufatti architettonici preesistenti assumono un valore potenziale di ricucitura, che non rientra nelle logiche, immediate del proprio intorno ma sembrano interagire con una scala più vasta, urbana o ancora metropolitana. Se la grande scala, o la “bigness” per utilizzare un termine dell’architetto Rem Koolhaas, riveste un ruolo fondamentale nella definizione di questi manufatti, non è il solo valore che li definisce o che li conforma. Essi sono retaggi di un passato a noi prossimo, rovine della modernità, emblemi di un funzionalismo che a ritmo esponenziale si è tramuto in obsolescenza. Industrie, fabbriche o ancora strutture ospedaliere e sanitarie; spazi eterogenei della città, emblemi del funzionalismo e dell’industria e paradossi della città post-industriale. Icone, poiché in grado di incarnare lo spirito del proprio tempo e apparentemente distanti dal nostro. A partire da queste premesse questi oggetti sembrerebbero rappresentare una problematicità della città contemporanea, ma la tesi che qui si tenta di sostenere è che incarnano l’esatto opposto. A partire da questi ragionamenti e con l’ausilio del laboratorio svolto a Parigi, nel progetto di scambio per il doppio titolo, il progetto si è conformato attorno alla trasformazione dell’ospedale Beaujon a Clichy, città a nord di Parigi. Un edificio imponente, carico di valori formali e concettuali legati alla sua epoca, gli anni ’30, nonché vera e propria novità tipologica europea essendo il primo ospedale del continente sviluppato in una logica di funzionamento verticale. Il concetto non è stato quello di una mera trasformazione o di una banale rifunzionalizzazione, prassi già largamente consolidata, ma quello di impostare un progetto catalizzatore, di cura per la città contemporanea, rifuggendo da derive utopiche o da velleità globali e globalizzanti. Ciò è stato fatto seguendo una strategia in tre punti, lo studio della sua storia e l’analisi dei suoi valori, l’aspetto potenziale, urbano e metropolitano, e la definizione di un programma che potesse essere aperto e al servizio della comunità. Questi tre punti sono stati sviluppati in una logica di continuità e di reciproca influenza andando a conformare un percorso sviluppato in parti ma che concorresse ad un tutto. Trasformando l’edificio, rivalorizzandolo nei suoi tratti peculiari ma mettendolo in discussione al fine di assumere delle caratteristiche peculiari quali: la porosità, la permeabilità e il lasciarsi attraversare dal paesaggio urbano, intercettandolo al fine di attivarlo.
Beaujon, icona metropolitana
SERAFINI, TOMMASO
2021/2022
Abstract
Contemporary European cities, even tho still maintaining their own characteristics and peculiarities, have been facing a progressive expansion since the second half of the 20th century. Today the consolidated city is therefore located in the city center, mainly it corresponds to the historical city. The formal uniformity of the city is present in limited contexts, linked above all to those in the centre, identified with the historic city. The architectural uniformity based on repetition, a fetish of modernist urbanism, has been broken by an expansion that has often privileged quantitative rather than qualitative requirements. In the midst of this heterogeneous archipelago, made up of urban fragments, certain pre-existing architectural artefacts take on a potential mending value, which does not fit into the immediate logic of their surroundings but seems to interact with a larger, urban or even metropolitan scale. If the large scale, or the ‘bigness’ to use a term of the architect Rem Koolhaas, plays a fundamental role in the definition of these artefacts, it is not the only value that defines or conforms them. They are relics of a past close to us, ruins of modernity, emblems of a functionalism turned into obsolescence. Industries, factories or even hospitals and health care facilities; heterogeneous spaces in the city, emblems of functionalism and industry and paradoxes of the post-industrial city. Icons, because they embody the spirit of their time and are apparently distant from our own. From this premise, these objects would seem to represent a problematic nature of the contemporary city, but the thesis we attempt to argue here is that they embody the exact opposite. Starting from these arguments and with the help of the studio carried out in Paris, in the exchange project for the double title, the project was shaped around the transformation of the Beaujon hospital in Clichy, a city north of Paris. An imposing building, charged with formal and conceptual values linked to its era, the 1930s, as well as being a true European typological novelty, being the first hospital on the continent developed in a logic of vertical operation. The concept was not that of a mere transformation or a banal re-functionalisation, a practice already widely consolidated, but that of setting up a catalysing project, of care for the contemporary city, eschewing utopian drifts or globalising ambitions. This was done by following a three-point strategy, the study of its history and the analysis of its values, the potential, urban and metropolitan aspect, and the definition of a programme that could be open and at the service of the community. These three points were developed in a logic of continuity and reciprocal influence, conforming a path developed in parts but contributing to a whole. Transforming the building, revalorising it in its peculiar traits but questioning it in order to take on peculiar characteristics such as: porosity, permeability and letting the urban landscape pass through it, intercepting it in order to activate it.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Beaujon, icona metropolitana_ Tommaso Serafini 941743 .pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/189611