This project is structured to answer a question of whether it is possible to develop a sufficiently accurate methodology to assess the reshorability of companies' foreign subsidiaries, i.e. capable of evaluating how favourable or unfavourable one unit located abroad is to being relocated to another territory, encompassing several relevant elements (micro- and macro-aspects) that are put together and balanced according to their pertinence, delivering a final outcome as a ranking score that indicates the trend of each single unit analysed regarding their potential of reshorability, which is a very important factor due to the potential benefits that such strategies can generate in the regions that absorb such activities, i.e. return of investments, development or enhancement of local technological capabilities and infrastructure, increase of tax revenue and wealth generation, growth of job offers, reduction of unemployment rates, strengthening of the local economy, and increasing general social welfare. Therefore, these indexes have an intrinsic power to guide and support future governmental and private businesses actions that can promotes an increase of social and business welfare in the benchmarking regions as well as driving regional technological, infrastructure and economic improvements. The development of this project took into account the only scientific work published up to now that has attempted to establish a reshoring potential index (RPI) — the conference paper from Sarder and Nakka (2014), which addressed this issue by embracing in its structure 7 macro-aspects to calculate it. This research, differently from the work mentioned, has deepened and broadened the spectrum of analysis encompassing several micro- and macro-aspects, evaluating the reshorability of both manufacturing and service companies that have settled their facilities abroad by in- or out-sourcing governance mode, providing the flexibility to analyse all types of reshoring (back-shoring, near-shoring and further-offshoring), according to Fratocchi et al. (2014), and evaluating the reshorability of entire industrial segments, corporations or single units. The document is organized as follows: the first part consists of an introductory chapter, followed by a second part that presents the systematic literature review (SLR) undertaken in this project, which identified 336 pertinent documents from which were extracted 165 motives that exert influence on the reshorability of company subsidiaries, that later were allocated among the 13 main research fields that have investigated the reshoring phenomenon up to now. The third part comprises the analysis and subsequent conversion of these motives into measurable metrics resulting in the establishment of 31 RPI indicators (11 internal and 20 external) that are incorporated in the RPI equations through the use of a Multi-Attribute Value Theory (MAVT) which gauged the reshorability of company subsidiaries using societies’ internal data or public metrics. The forth chapter presents the quantitative results obtained from the RPI method, its robustness test and its validation through a cross-check of information obtained in high level interviews with executives from the companies encompassed by the sample population, leading to the conclusion that the methodology achieved its goal of assessing the reshorability of company subsidiaries with acceptable accuracy. Furthermore, it is possible that in addition to the above advantages provided by this methodology, it can also support other scholars to better delineate the boarders of their projects or scope of research, it can provide invaluable input and support for practitioners and managers in future location decisions and investment analysis, and lastly, it can support policy makers and government representatives in developing new policies capable of attracting new investments and by consequence, promoting an increase in their territories’ social and business welfare.
Questo progetto è strutturato in modo da rispondere alla domanda se sia possibile sviluppare una metodologia metodologia sufficientemente accurata per valutare la reshorability delle filiali estere delle aziende, cioè in grado di valutare quanto un'unità situata all'estero sia favorevole o sfavorevole alla delocalizzazione in un altro territorio, comprendendo diversi elementi rilevanti (micro- e micro-) che vengono messi insieme e bilanciati in base alla loro pertinenza. fornendo un risultato finale come un punteggio di classifica che indica l'andamento di ogni singola unità analizzata in merito al suo potenziale di reshorability, che è un fattore molto importante per i potenziali benefici che tali strategie possono generare nelle regioni che assorbono tali attività, come il ritorno degli investimenti, lo sviluppo o il potenziamento delle capacità tecnologiche e delle infrastrutture locali, l'aumento del gettito fiscale. e della generazione di ricchezza, crescita dell'offerta di lavoro, riduzione del tasso di disoccupazione, rafforzamento dell'economia locale e aumento del benessere sociale generale. Pertanto, questi indici hanno un potere intrinseco di guidare e supportare le future azioni governative e imprese private che possono promuovere un aumento del benessere sociale e imprenditoriale nelle regioni oggetto di benchmarking, oltre a promuovere miglioramenti tecnologici, infrastrutturali ed economici a livello regionale. Lo sviluppo di questo progetto ha tenuto conto dell'unico lavoro scientifico finora pubblicato che ha tentato di stabilire un indice di potenziale di reshoring (RPI) - il documento della conferenza di Sarder e Nakka (2014), che ha affrontato la questione includendo nella sua struttura 7 macro-aspetti per il calcolo. La presente ricerca, a differenza dei lavori citati, ha approfondito e ampliato lo spettro di analisi che comprende diversi aspetti micro e macro, valutando la reshorability delle imprese manifatturiere e di servizi che hanno insediato le loro strutture all'estero con modalità di governance in- o out-sourcing, fornendo la flessibilità di analizzare tutti i tipi di reshoring (back-shoring, near-shoring e further-offshoring), secondo Fratocchi et al. (2014), e di valutare la reshorability di interi segmenti industriali, aziende o singole unità. Il documento è organizzato come segue: la prima parte consiste in un capitolo introduttivo, seguito da una seconda parte che presenta la revisione sistematica della letteratura (SLR) intrapresa in questo progetto, che ha identificato 336 documenti pertinenti da cui sono state estratte 165 motivazioni che esercitano influenza sulla reshorability delle filiali aziendali, che sono stati poi suddivisi tra i 13 principali campi di ricerca che hanno studiato il fenomeno del reshoring fino ad oggi. La terza parte comprende l'analisi di queste motivazioni in metriche misurabili, che hanno portato alla definizione di 31 indicatori RPI (11 interni e 20 interni) che sono incorporati nelle equazioni RPI attraverso l'uso di una Teoria del Valore Multi-Attributo (MAVT) che ha misurato la reshorability delle società controllate usando dati interni alle società o metriche pubbliche. Il quarto capitolo presenta i risultati quantitativi ottenuti dal metodo RPI, il suo test di robustezza e la sua validazione attraverso un controllo incrociato delle informazioni ottenute delle interviste di alto livello con i dirigenti delle società incluse nella popolazione campione, che la metodologia ha raggiunto l'obiettivo di valutare la reshorability delle società controllate con un'accuratezza accettabile. Inoltre, è possibile che, oltre ai vantaggi di cui sopra, questa metodologia possa anche aiutare altri studiosi a delineare meglio i loro progetti o dell'ambito di ricerca, può fornire un contributo e un supporto prezioso agli professionisti e manager nelle future decisioni di localizzazione e nell'analisi degli investimenti, e infine, può supportare i decisori politici e i rappresentanti dei governi nello sviluppo di nuove politiche in grado di attrarre nuovi investimenti e, di conseguenza, promuovere un aumento del benessere sociale e commerciale dei loro territori.
Reshoring Potential Index (RPI) - Assessing the reshorability of Italian companies located abroad : a methodology and its application over a sample of companies from the Emilia-Romagna region
de FREITAS CORDEIRO, LUIS AUGUSTO
2021/2022
Abstract
This project is structured to answer a question of whether it is possible to develop a sufficiently accurate methodology to assess the reshorability of companies' foreign subsidiaries, i.e. capable of evaluating how favourable or unfavourable one unit located abroad is to being relocated to another territory, encompassing several relevant elements (micro- and macro-aspects) that are put together and balanced according to their pertinence, delivering a final outcome as a ranking score that indicates the trend of each single unit analysed regarding their potential of reshorability, which is a very important factor due to the potential benefits that such strategies can generate in the regions that absorb such activities, i.e. return of investments, development or enhancement of local technological capabilities and infrastructure, increase of tax revenue and wealth generation, growth of job offers, reduction of unemployment rates, strengthening of the local economy, and increasing general social welfare. Therefore, these indexes have an intrinsic power to guide and support future governmental and private businesses actions that can promotes an increase of social and business welfare in the benchmarking regions as well as driving regional technological, infrastructure and economic improvements. The development of this project took into account the only scientific work published up to now that has attempted to establish a reshoring potential index (RPI) — the conference paper from Sarder and Nakka (2014), which addressed this issue by embracing in its structure 7 macro-aspects to calculate it. This research, differently from the work mentioned, has deepened and broadened the spectrum of analysis encompassing several micro- and macro-aspects, evaluating the reshorability of both manufacturing and service companies that have settled their facilities abroad by in- or out-sourcing governance mode, providing the flexibility to analyse all types of reshoring (back-shoring, near-shoring and further-offshoring), according to Fratocchi et al. (2014), and evaluating the reshorability of entire industrial segments, corporations or single units. The document is organized as follows: the first part consists of an introductory chapter, followed by a second part that presents the systematic literature review (SLR) undertaken in this project, which identified 336 pertinent documents from which were extracted 165 motives that exert influence on the reshorability of company subsidiaries, that later were allocated among the 13 main research fields that have investigated the reshoring phenomenon up to now. The third part comprises the analysis and subsequent conversion of these motives into measurable metrics resulting in the establishment of 31 RPI indicators (11 internal and 20 external) that are incorporated in the RPI equations through the use of a Multi-Attribute Value Theory (MAVT) which gauged the reshorability of company subsidiaries using societies’ internal data or public metrics. The forth chapter presents the quantitative results obtained from the RPI method, its robustness test and its validation through a cross-check of information obtained in high level interviews with executives from the companies encompassed by the sample population, leading to the conclusion that the methodology achieved its goal of assessing the reshorability of company subsidiaries with acceptable accuracy. Furthermore, it is possible that in addition to the above advantages provided by this methodology, it can also support other scholars to better delineate the boarders of their projects or scope of research, it can provide invaluable input and support for practitioners and managers in future location decisions and investment analysis, and lastly, it can support policy makers and government representatives in developing new policies capable of attracting new investments and by consequence, promoting an increase in their territories’ social and business welfare.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/189828