The world now is moving forward to abandoning the use of fossil fuel as an energy primary source and replacing it with more environmental and sustainable energy sources. Solar thermal energy has been proposed as one of the most convenient replacements for fossil fuels. Specifically, the use of solar thermal energy in water heating is one of the applications of solar energy which has a high economic benefit. While Egypt is seen as the largest energy absorber in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean region, only 0.2% of the electricity generation is solar compared to 91% of thermal generation using natural gas, fuel oil, and diesel as fuels. Electric water heaters are responsible for 25% of the total energy consumption by any house, with 71% of Egyptian families using electrical heaters. According to the strategic plan for 2035 for electricity production in Egypt, the sharing of renewable energy should reach 42% by then. This work focused on the assessment of implementing a solar domestic water heater in a private residential building in Cairo, Egypt as a part of the Mediterranean Investment Facility project in Egypt which is an Initiative under the UN Environment to support initiative mechanism for the deployment of small-scale renewable energy technologies, which is aligned with Egypt’s strategic plan. A solar domestic hot water system was designed based on the technical and sanitary requirements and sized according to the domestic hot water needs by the case study that is composed of 12 apartments with a total daily need of 3600 liters of hot water. To meet the domestic hot water load, 21 collectors with a total area of 48.3 m2 were installed on 100 m2 of roof floor area. The system was modeled and then optimized through dynamic simulations using TRNSYS and the final configuration performance was analyzed together with an economic and environmental assessment of the system, based on which suggestions for improvement were proposed according to the findings. This work led to a reduction of 66% of the annual electricity consumption equivalent to 24 kWh/m2/year, which results in a reduction of 22 tonCO2 /year, with a discounted payback period of 6.3 years, compared to electric water heaters commonly used in Egypt.
Il mondo ora si sta muovendo verso l'abbandono dell'uso dei combustibili fossili come fonte primaria di energia e la sua sostituzione con dei fonti energetiche più ambientali e sostenibili. L'energia solare termica è stata proposta come uno dei sostituti più convenienti dei combustibili fossili. Nello specifico, l'utilizzo dell'energia solare termica nel riscaldamento dell'acqua è una delle applicazioni dell'energia solare che presenta un elevato vantaggio economico. Mentre l'Egitto è considerato il più grande assorbitore di energia nella regione del Mediterraneo meridionale e orientale, solo il 0.2% della produzione di elettricità è solare rispetto al 91% della generazione termica che utilizza gas naturale, olio combustibile e diesel come combustibili. Gli scaldacqua elettrici sono responsabili del 25% del consumo totale di energia di qualsiasi casa, con il 71% delle famiglie egiziane che utilizzano riscaldatori elettrici. Secondo il piano strategico 2035 per la produzione di energia elettrica in Egitto, la condivisione delle energie rinnovabili dovrebbe raggiungere entro tale data il 42%. Questo lavoro si è concentrato sulla valutazione dell'implementazione di uno scaldabagno solare per uso domestico in un edificio residenziale privato al Cairo, in Egitto, nell'ambito del progetto del Fondo per gli investimenti nel Mediterraneo in Egitto, un'iniziativa nell'ambito dell'ambiente delle Nazioni Unite a sostegno del meccanismo di iniziativa per lo spiegamento di piccole tecnologie di energia rinnovabile su scala, in linea con il piano strategico egiziano. Un impianto solare per acqua calda sanitaria è stato progettato in base alle esigenze tecnico-sanitarie e dimensionato in base al fabbisogno di acqua calda sanitaria dal caso studio si tratta di un edificio composto da 12 appartamenti con un fabbisogno giornaliero totale di 3600 litri di acqua calda. Per soddisfare il carico di acqua calda sanitaria, sono stati installati 21 collettori con una superficie totale di 48.3 m2 su 100 m2 di superficie del tetto. Il sistema è stato modellato e quindi ottimizzato attraverso simulazioni dinamiche utilizzando TRNSYS e le prestazioni della configurazione finale sono state analizzate insieme a una valutazione economica e ambientale del sistema, sulla base della quale sono stati proposti suggerimenti di miglioramento in base ai risultati. Questo lavoro ha portato a una riduzione del 66% del consumo elettrico annuo pari a 24 kWh/m2/anno, che equivale ad una riduzione di 22 tonCO2/anno, con un periodo di ammortamento scontato di 6.3 anni, rispetto agli scaldacqua elettrici comunemente utilizzati in Egitto.
Assessment of a solar thermal system in Egypt : a case study of a private residential building in Cairo
Mikhael, Marina Mikhael Hanna
2021/2022
Abstract
The world now is moving forward to abandoning the use of fossil fuel as an energy primary source and replacing it with more environmental and sustainable energy sources. Solar thermal energy has been proposed as one of the most convenient replacements for fossil fuels. Specifically, the use of solar thermal energy in water heating is one of the applications of solar energy which has a high economic benefit. While Egypt is seen as the largest energy absorber in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean region, only 0.2% of the electricity generation is solar compared to 91% of thermal generation using natural gas, fuel oil, and diesel as fuels. Electric water heaters are responsible for 25% of the total energy consumption by any house, with 71% of Egyptian families using electrical heaters. According to the strategic plan for 2035 for electricity production in Egypt, the sharing of renewable energy should reach 42% by then. This work focused on the assessment of implementing a solar domestic water heater in a private residential building in Cairo, Egypt as a part of the Mediterranean Investment Facility project in Egypt which is an Initiative under the UN Environment to support initiative mechanism for the deployment of small-scale renewable energy technologies, which is aligned with Egypt’s strategic plan. A solar domestic hot water system was designed based on the technical and sanitary requirements and sized according to the domestic hot water needs by the case study that is composed of 12 apartments with a total daily need of 3600 liters of hot water. To meet the domestic hot water load, 21 collectors with a total area of 48.3 m2 were installed on 100 m2 of roof floor area. The system was modeled and then optimized through dynamic simulations using TRNSYS and the final configuration performance was analyzed together with an economic and environmental assessment of the system, based on which suggestions for improvement were proposed according to the findings. This work led to a reduction of 66% of the annual electricity consumption equivalent to 24 kWh/m2/year, which results in a reduction of 22 tonCO2 /year, with a discounted payback period of 6.3 years, compared to electric water heaters commonly used in Egypt.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/190078