The thesis is developed in five chapters aimed at investigating how the discipline of design can adapt to an increasingly complex, or hyper-complex, context (Iversen, 2016). Our discipline has so far often, if not always, been inadequate to deal with the great contradictions of contemporaneity, preferring to feel impervious to the new issues of our age (Deganello, 2019). The need, therefore, is to return to an awareness that "doing design" means "doing politics"; in agreement with F. Schianchi (2019), design today is the prevailing cultural trait of contemporary reality: Design is the production of sense, meanings, sensations, narratives, relationships, emotions, transformations, experiences. In other words, to abandon the solutionist drift of recent years means to start designing with a temporal, scalar and complexity-aware vision; it is, therefore, to reorient the research, engagement and destination of the discipline (Achilli, 2019). Design today is called to provide answers, not for a better life, but to urgently identify solutions for Humanity's survival; Design must confront modern complex problems, or wicked problems (Rittel & Webber, 1973). Wicked problems, such as climate change, pollution, water shortages, the biodiversity crisis, global economic crises, poverty, exploitation of resources etc., are part of society and a resolution of them cannot, therefore, be decoupled from the relevant social context. The need is to have a design approach that is increasingly systemic; in accordance with T. Irwin (2019), a more holistic design process aimed at meeting authentic needs has the potential to contribute significantly to the solution of complex problems and the transition to a sustainable society. The discipline of Transition Design, or design for transition, is concerned with designing systemic strategies aimed at medium-term futures to address what can be described as complex and interconnected issues that exist at multiple levels of a system. According to T. Irwin (2018), Transition Design turns its attention to two fundamental concepts: (a) the idea that entire societies will face a transition to sustainable futures and (b) the realization that this will involve changes at the systemic level, triggered necessarily by a deep understanding of the anatomy and dynamics of complexity. A path with these two goals passes through a re-direction of behaviours in "everyday life" (Kossoff, 2018) and the rediscovery of local cultures and shared care, understood as having care (Fursorge, Heidegger), of the commons. Commons refer to shared resources in which each stakeholder has an equal interest (Ostrom, 1990); considering that all commons are social and all commons are collective and local knowledge goods. (Helfrich, 2013) A transition strategy that starts from the local, or technological niches (Geels, 2006), provides an innovative, bottom-up design space that aims to: (a) re-design local resilience, (b) influence the socio-technical system of which they are a part, and (c) find local solutions to complex global problems. Chapter four discusses the design approach of Transition Design and how systemic product design can play a role as an activator of a social transition process. In conclusion, the greatest challenge for the Transition Design discipline is to give voice to the uniqueness of a local system and defend pluriversality, going against the ever-present cultural homogenization caused by globalization and capitalism. Therefore, designing for transitions means, first and foremost, doing politics; in other words, if we accept the thesis that the current crises point to a deeper crisis of civilization, designing new approaches to "everyday life" appears as an inevitable political project. Design must be able to recompose knowledge and desires, to construct moving intellectual figures and roles, endowed with complex baggage: it must characterise itself with that intention that enables it to confront the great threats of the present. (Achilli, 2019)
L’elaborato di tesi si sviluppa in cinque capitoli volti all’indagine di come la disciplina del design può adattarsi in un contesto sempre più complesso, o iper-complesso (Iversen, 2016). La nostra disciplina finora è stata spesso, se non sempre, inadeguata ad affrontare le grandi contraddizioni della contemporaneità, preferendo sentirsi impermeabile alle nuove problematiche della nostra epoca (Deganello, 2019). La necessità, perciò, è di tornare ad avere la consapevolezza che “fare design” significa “fare politica”; in accordo con F. Schianchi (2019), il design oggi è il tratto culturale prevalente della realtà contemporanea: Design è produzione di senso, di significati, sensazioni, narrazioni, relazioni, emozioni, trasformazioni, esperienze. In altre parole, abbandonare la deriva soluzionista degli ultimi anni vuol dire iniziare a progettare con una visione temporale, scalare e consapevole delle complessità; si tratta, quindi, di re-orientare la ricerca, l’impegno e la destinazione della disciplina (Achilli, 2019). Perché il Design oggi è chiamato a fornire risposte non per una vita migliore, ma per individuare con urgenza le soluzioni di sopravvivenza dell’Umanità; Il Design si deve confrontare con i moderni problemi complessi, o wicked problems (Rittel & Webber, 1973). I wicked problems, come il cambiamento climatico, l’inquinamento, la mancanza di acqua, la crisi della biodiversità, le crisi economiche globali, la povertà, lo sfruttamento delle risorse etc, fanno parte della società ed una loro risoluzione non può, perciò, essere slegata dal contesto sociale di riferimento. La necessità è di avere un approccio progettuale che sia sempre più sistemico; in accordo con T. Irwin (2019), un processo di progettazione più olistico, mirato al soddisfacimento di bisogni autentici, ha il potenziale per contribuire in modo significativo alla soluzione di problemi complessi e alla transizione verso una società sostenibile. La disciplina del Transition Design, o design per la transizione, si occupa di progettare strategie sistemiche mirate a futuri a medio termine, per affrontare quelle che possono essere descritte come questioni complesse e interconnesse che esistono a più livelli di un sistema. Secondo T. Irwin (2018) il Transition Design rivolge la sua attenzione a due concetti fondamentali: (a) l'idea che intere società dovranno affrontare una transizione verso futuri sostenibili e (b) la consapevolezza che ciò comporterà cambiamenti a livello sistemico, innescati necessariamente da una profonda comprensione dell'anatomia e delle dinamiche della complessità. Un percorso con questi due obiettivi passa da un re-indirizzamento dei comportamenti nella “vita di tutti i giorni” (Kossoff, 2018) e dalla riscoperta delle culture locali e della cura condivisa, intesa come aver cura (Fursorge, Heidegger), dei commons. Con commons ci si riferisce a risorse condivise in cui ogni stakeholder ha un interesse uguale (Ostrom, 1990); considerando che tutti i beni comuni sono sociali e tutti i beni comuni sono beni della conoscenza collettiva e locale. (Helfrich, 2013) Una strategia di transizione che riparte dal locale, o dalle nicchie tecnologiche (Geels, 2006), fornisce uno spazio progettuale innovativo e bottom-up che mira a: (a) ri-progettare la resilienza locale, (b) influenzare il sistema socio-tecnico di cui fanno parte e (c) trovare soluzioni locali a problemi complessi globali. Nel capitolo quattro viene discusso l’approccio progettuale del Transition Design e di come il design del prodotto sistemico possa avere un ruolo come attivatore di un processo di transizione sociale. In conclusione, la sfida più grande per la disciplina del Transition Design è quella di dare voce all’unicità di un sistema locale e difendere la pluriversalità, andando contro la sempre più presente omogeneizzazione culturale causata dalla globalizzazione e dal capitalismo. Perciò progettare per le transizioni significa, innanzitutto, fare politica; in altre parole, se accettiamo la tesi che le crisi attuali indicano una crisi della civiltà più profonda, progettare nuovi approcci alla “vita di tutti i giorni”, appare come un progetto politico inevitabile. Il Design deve essere in grado di ricomporre saperi e desideri, di costruire figure e ruoli intellettuali in movimento, dotati di bagagli complessi: si deve caratterizzare con quell’intenzione che gli consente di affrontare le grandi minacce del presente. (Achilli, 2019)
Transition design e design del prodotto per le transizioni : progettare con la complessità per il bene comune
Botta, Luca
2021/2022
Abstract
The thesis is developed in five chapters aimed at investigating how the discipline of design can adapt to an increasingly complex, or hyper-complex, context (Iversen, 2016). Our discipline has so far often, if not always, been inadequate to deal with the great contradictions of contemporaneity, preferring to feel impervious to the new issues of our age (Deganello, 2019). The need, therefore, is to return to an awareness that "doing design" means "doing politics"; in agreement with F. Schianchi (2019), design today is the prevailing cultural trait of contemporary reality: Design is the production of sense, meanings, sensations, narratives, relationships, emotions, transformations, experiences. In other words, to abandon the solutionist drift of recent years means to start designing with a temporal, scalar and complexity-aware vision; it is, therefore, to reorient the research, engagement and destination of the discipline (Achilli, 2019). Design today is called to provide answers, not for a better life, but to urgently identify solutions for Humanity's survival; Design must confront modern complex problems, or wicked problems (Rittel & Webber, 1973). Wicked problems, such as climate change, pollution, water shortages, the biodiversity crisis, global economic crises, poverty, exploitation of resources etc., are part of society and a resolution of them cannot, therefore, be decoupled from the relevant social context. The need is to have a design approach that is increasingly systemic; in accordance with T. Irwin (2019), a more holistic design process aimed at meeting authentic needs has the potential to contribute significantly to the solution of complex problems and the transition to a sustainable society. The discipline of Transition Design, or design for transition, is concerned with designing systemic strategies aimed at medium-term futures to address what can be described as complex and interconnected issues that exist at multiple levels of a system. According to T. Irwin (2018), Transition Design turns its attention to two fundamental concepts: (a) the idea that entire societies will face a transition to sustainable futures and (b) the realization that this will involve changes at the systemic level, triggered necessarily by a deep understanding of the anatomy and dynamics of complexity. A path with these two goals passes through a re-direction of behaviours in "everyday life" (Kossoff, 2018) and the rediscovery of local cultures and shared care, understood as having care (Fursorge, Heidegger), of the commons. Commons refer to shared resources in which each stakeholder has an equal interest (Ostrom, 1990); considering that all commons are social and all commons are collective and local knowledge goods. (Helfrich, 2013) A transition strategy that starts from the local, or technological niches (Geels, 2006), provides an innovative, bottom-up design space that aims to: (a) re-design local resilience, (b) influence the socio-technical system of which they are a part, and (c) find local solutions to complex global problems. Chapter four discusses the design approach of Transition Design and how systemic product design can play a role as an activator of a social transition process. In conclusion, the greatest challenge for the Transition Design discipline is to give voice to the uniqueness of a local system and defend pluriversality, going against the ever-present cultural homogenization caused by globalization and capitalism. Therefore, designing for transitions means, first and foremost, doing politics; in other words, if we accept the thesis that the current crises point to a deeper crisis of civilization, designing new approaches to "everyday life" appears as an inevitable political project. Design must be able to recompose knowledge and desires, to construct moving intellectual figures and roles, endowed with complex baggage: it must characterise itself with that intention that enables it to confront the great threats of the present. (Achilli, 2019)File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/190200