The application of organic coating is one of the most widely used protective strategy to prevent corrosion of metallic parts. However, before a coating is applied on the final product, it must be tested on its barrier and corrosion resistance properties. For a hundred years industry has been mainly using two techniques: Neutral Salt Spray (NSS) and condensation cabinets. Accelerated Cycle Electrochemical Technique (ACET) is a recently standardized and promising tool for the rapid assessment of paints and organic coatings. The main idea of ACET is to probe simultaneously the resistance of the coating against electrolyte penetration and alkaline disbonding. The underlying assumption is that both these properties have a relationship with the properties assessed employing conventional NSS and condensation cabinet accelerated tests. Accordingly, the main goal of the present work is to demonstrate the capabilities and limitations of ACET, especially with highly protective industrial coatings, and find a correlation between ACET and conventional cabinet tests. We show that ACET exhibits a certain correlation between the area damaged by blisters in condensation cabinet and the estimated short-term water uptake, based on studies performed with several types of binders, pigment volume concentration and hydrophobic additives. On the other hand, we notice an apparent disagreement with the results of NSS. Modelling of impedance data with an advanced electrical equivalent circuit, reveals that electrolyte penetration to the substrate is a prerequisite for the viability of ACET as an accelerated tool for the assessment of coating quality. Expectedly, this limitation becomes apparent with highly protective and/or thick industrial coatings. We show that as soon as the coating thickness is not a limiting factor, ACET achieves agreement with NSS. Lastly, with the aim to improve correlation with NSS, we propose to use an additional sample with artificially introduced defects, as a complementary test that can be performed in parallel to the main ACET protocol.
L’applicazione di rivestimenti organici è una delle strategie protettive più utilizzate per prevenire la corrosione di componenti metallici. Tuttavia, il rivestimento, prima di essere applicato al prodotto finale, deve essere testato per quanto riguarda le sue proprietà come barriera e di corrosione. Per un centinaio di anni due tecniche sono state applicate a livello industriale: test in nebbia salina neutra (NSS) e test in camere di condensazione. La tecnica elettrochimica a ciclo accelerato (ACET) è stata recentemente standardizzata e risulta essere molto promettente per la verifica di vernici e rivestimenti organici. La tecnica ACET fondamentalmente misura allo stesso tempo la resistenza del rivestimento rispetto alla penetrazione dell’elettrolita e rispetto alla delaminazione alcalina. L’ipotesi di fondo è che entrambe queste quantità abbiano una relazione con le proprietà misurate dai test accelerati in nebbia salina e camera di condensazione. Di conseguenza, lo scopo principale del presente studio è quello di dimostrare le capacità e i limiti della tecnica ACET, specialmente per quanto concerne rivestimenti industriali altamente protettivi, e di trovare una correlazione tra di essa e le prove convenzionalmente utilizzate. Abbiamo dimostrato che la tecnica ACET mostra una certa correlazione tra l’area danneggiata da blisters nelle camere di condensazione ed il consumo di acqua stimato nel breve termine, sulla base di numerosi studi condotti con differenti tipologie di binder, diverse concentrazioni volumetriche di pigmento e molteplici additivi idrofobici. Al contrario, abbiamo notato una apparente incongruenza con i risultati delle prove in nebbia salina. La modellazione avanzata dell’impedenza utilizzando un circuito equivalente ha poi mostrato che la penetrazione dell’elettrolita nel substrato risulta essere un prerequisito per utilizzare la tecnica ACET come metodo accelerato per verificare la qualità di un rivestimento. Prevedibilmente, questa limitazione diventa chiara in presenza di rivestimenti industriali molto spessi e/o altamente protettivi. Infatti, abbiamo mostrato che non appena lo spessore rivestimento non agisce da fattore limitante, i risultati della tecnica ACET sono in accordo con quelli delle prove in nebbia salina. Infine, con lo scopo di aumentare la correlazione con le prove NSS, abbiamo proposto l’utilizzo di una prova ACET addizionale su di un campione con difetti introdotti artificialmente, che può essere utilizzato come prova complementare da condurre in parallelo al protocollo ACET principale.
Assessment of accelerated electrochemical cycling tests for the prediction of protective properties of paints
Bahdanchyk, Maksim
2021/2022
Abstract
The application of organic coating is one of the most widely used protective strategy to prevent corrosion of metallic parts. However, before a coating is applied on the final product, it must be tested on its barrier and corrosion resistance properties. For a hundred years industry has been mainly using two techniques: Neutral Salt Spray (NSS) and condensation cabinets. Accelerated Cycle Electrochemical Technique (ACET) is a recently standardized and promising tool for the rapid assessment of paints and organic coatings. The main idea of ACET is to probe simultaneously the resistance of the coating against electrolyte penetration and alkaline disbonding. The underlying assumption is that both these properties have a relationship with the properties assessed employing conventional NSS and condensation cabinet accelerated tests. Accordingly, the main goal of the present work is to demonstrate the capabilities and limitations of ACET, especially with highly protective industrial coatings, and find a correlation between ACET and conventional cabinet tests. We show that ACET exhibits a certain correlation between the area damaged by blisters in condensation cabinet and the estimated short-term water uptake, based on studies performed with several types of binders, pigment volume concentration and hydrophobic additives. On the other hand, we notice an apparent disagreement with the results of NSS. Modelling of impedance data with an advanced electrical equivalent circuit, reveals that electrolyte penetration to the substrate is a prerequisite for the viability of ACET as an accelerated tool for the assessment of coating quality. Expectedly, this limitation becomes apparent with highly protective and/or thick industrial coatings. We show that as soon as the coating thickness is not a limiting factor, ACET achieves agreement with NSS. Lastly, with the aim to improve correlation with NSS, we propose to use an additional sample with artificially introduced defects, as a complementary test that can be performed in parallel to the main ACET protocol.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/191927