The present thesis work concerns an experimental assessment of the odour potential of wood chips heaps, commonly stored in biomass thermal power plants. First of all, accurate bibliographic research was carried out thanks to which the characteristic phenomenology of the heaps has been understood: both chemical processes, such as oxidation of fatty acids and self-ignition, and biological processes, that raise the heap temperature over 70 °C, take place in these heaps. Subsequently, three experimental campaigns were carried out (October, March and June) in a biomass thermal power plant located in center of Italy. During these campaigns the parameters that best correlate with the odour potential of the heaps were measured. Among them there are heap temperature (measured on the surface and in depth), CO concentration, and concentration of the most significant organic molecules from an odourous point of view. The resulting experimental data proved to be consistent with the literature. During the campaigns, strong heterogeneity was observed on the surface of the heaps, making the characterization of the heap as odour source extremely complex. The surface was therefore classified as dry, humid and smoking according to the visible surface humidity and smoke. In the following data processing, it was computed the Pearson correlation index. It shows that the most correlated, and therefore most indicative parameters of the odour emission are heap temperatures, terpenes concentration and, above all, CO concentration, which can therefore potentially be exploited as alternative indicator for monitoring the odour emission. In addition, by analyzing the time trend of the main variables, it was observed that most of them display a trend with a maximum after about 30-90 days, that is the time required by biological processes to raise the temperature. Differently from the heap temperature trend, odour concentration shows high values (5,000 ou/m3) even in the first days of storage (where temperature is low), due to the emission of terpenes occurring in the first days of storage. However, the odour concentration highest values (150,000 ou/m3) are reached between 30-90 days, when high temperatures cause the light oxygenates emission. In summer, unexpectedly, the odour emission and the risk of self-ignition turned out to be less relevant, thanks to the high ambient temperature that makes the biological activity less enhanced by reducing the moisture content of the heap.
Il presente lavoro di tesi riguarda una valutazione sperimentale del potenziale olfattivo di cumuli di cippato di legno, comunemente stoccati in centrali termiche a biomassa. In primis si è effettuata un’accurata ricerca bibliografica grazie alla quale si è approfondita la fenomenologia caratteristica dei cumuli: si è pertanto compreso che nei cumuli avvengono sia processi chimici, come ossidazione di acidi grassi e auto-ignizione, che processi biologici, che alzano la temperatura del cumulo a valori superiori a 70 °C. Successivamente sono state condotte tre campagne sperimentali (ottobre, marzo e giugno) in una centrale termica a biomassa situata in centro Italia, nelle quali sono stati misurati i parametri più rilevanti e potenzialmente meglio correlati all’odore secondo la ricerca bibliografica, tra cui temperatura in superficie e profondità, concentrazione di CO, e concentrazione di molecole organiche più significative da un punto di vista odorigeno. I risultati sperimentali si sono dimostrati coerenti con la letteratura. Durante le campagne si è osservata eterogeneità sulla superficie dei cumuli, la quale rende estremamente complessa la caratterizzazione del cumulo come sorgente di odore; si è quindi classificata la superficie in secca, umida e fumante in funzione dell’umidità e fumo superficiali visibili. Nella successiva elaborazione dei dati si è dapprima calcolato l’indice di correlazione di Pearson, che ha mostrato che i parametri più correlati, quindi più indicativi, dell’emissione odorigena sono: temperature del cumulo, concentrazione di terpeni e, soprattutto, concentrazione di CO, la quale potrebbe quindi essere potenzialmente sfruttata come indicatore e parametro alternativo per monitorare l’emissione di odore. In aggiunta, analizzando il trend temporale delle principali variabili si è osservato che queste presentano quasi tutte un andamento con un massimo dopo circa 30-90 giorni, ovvero il tempo richiesto dai processi biologici per innalzare la temperatura. A differenza del trend osservato per la temperatura del cumulo, la concentrazione di odore presenta valori alti (5,000 ou/m3) anche nei primi giorni di stoccaggio, a causa dell’emissione di terpeni che si verifica i primi giorni di stoccaggio; i valori più alti (150,000 ou/m3) si raggiungono comunque tra 30-90 giorni, quando le alte temperature causano emissione di ossigenati leggeri. In estate, inaspettatamente, l’emissione odorigena e il rischio di auto-ignizione si sono rivelati meno rilevanti, grazie all’alta temperatura ambientale che riducendo il contenuto di umidità del cumulo riduce l’attività biologica.
Challenges in characterization of odour emissions from wood chip storage
Panzeri, Filippo
2021/2022
Abstract
The present thesis work concerns an experimental assessment of the odour potential of wood chips heaps, commonly stored in biomass thermal power plants. First of all, accurate bibliographic research was carried out thanks to which the characteristic phenomenology of the heaps has been understood: both chemical processes, such as oxidation of fatty acids and self-ignition, and biological processes, that raise the heap temperature over 70 °C, take place in these heaps. Subsequently, three experimental campaigns were carried out (October, March and June) in a biomass thermal power plant located in center of Italy. During these campaigns the parameters that best correlate with the odour potential of the heaps were measured. Among them there are heap temperature (measured on the surface and in depth), CO concentration, and concentration of the most significant organic molecules from an odourous point of view. The resulting experimental data proved to be consistent with the literature. During the campaigns, strong heterogeneity was observed on the surface of the heaps, making the characterization of the heap as odour source extremely complex. The surface was therefore classified as dry, humid and smoking according to the visible surface humidity and smoke. In the following data processing, it was computed the Pearson correlation index. It shows that the most correlated, and therefore most indicative parameters of the odour emission are heap temperatures, terpenes concentration and, above all, CO concentration, which can therefore potentially be exploited as alternative indicator for monitoring the odour emission. In addition, by analyzing the time trend of the main variables, it was observed that most of them display a trend with a maximum after about 30-90 days, that is the time required by biological processes to raise the temperature. Differently from the heap temperature trend, odour concentration shows high values (5,000 ou/m3) even in the first days of storage (where temperature is low), due to the emission of terpenes occurring in the first days of storage. However, the odour concentration highest values (150,000 ou/m3) are reached between 30-90 days, when high temperatures cause the light oxygenates emission. In summer, unexpectedly, the odour emission and the risk of self-ignition turned out to be less relevant, thanks to the high ambient temperature that makes the biological activity less enhanced by reducing the moisture content of the heap.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
thesis_FP.pdf
accessibile in internet per tutti
Descrizione: TESI
Dimensione
6.97 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
6.97 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
executive summary.pdf
accessibile in internet per tutti
Descrizione: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Dimensione
792.99 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
792.99 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/192154