There are a number of techniques to obtain information about the properties of materials. For thin films in the nanometre (109m) scale, Light scattering techniques are the ideal choice for determining desired properties. The amount of information that can be extracted from a film is very dependent on the film properties in terms of transparency and the ratio of film thickness to light wavelength (Carlotti, 2018). With the advancement in research and thin film deposition technology, it has become possible to focus on the determination of the elastic modulus of very thin Titanium (Ti) films on the nanometre scale deposited by the High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) technique. The values obtained are compared with Direct Current Magnetron Sputtered (DCMS) samples as well as a hybrid of the two deposition methods forming heterogeneous samples. All the deposited films range from 100nm to about 500nm and are deposited on a silicon (Si) substrate. In this case, the Silicon substrate having an average dimension of about 500µm becomes an infinite medium in comparison to the titanium layers. Knowing that the elastic modulus of the submicrometric films cannot be determined directly by applying any stresses at the risk of damaging the films, it becomes necessary to utilize an indirect approach employing Brillouin Spectroscopy (BS). The existence of metastable phases of titanium has been demonstrated with nanometric films. The recent breakthrough in producing hundreds of nanometres has made it possible to measure the properties of such films. In the case of submicrometric supported films, only acoustic techniques can be adopted in making measurements. Among the acoustic techniques, Brillouin spectroscopy operates at higher frequencies and therefore is the most sensitive to thin films. This study reports on a measurements on a set of Ti on Si films of different structures, that were produced by different techniques. The acoustic waves which relates to the elastic modulus of the films are measured in this non-contact spectroscopy process and special MATLAB programs are used to determine the elastic modulus which relates to the mechanical properties of the film. A detailed analysis of the effects of the deposition method and the diverse phases on the elastic modulus are presented in the conclusion of the study.
Esistono diverse tecniche per ottenere informazioni sulle proprietà dei materiali. Per film sottili in scala nanometrica (109m), le tecniche basate sulla diffusione della luce rappresentano la scelta ottimale per determinare le proprietà desiderate. La quantità di informazioni che può essere estratta da un film dipende molto dalle sue proprietà in termini di trasparenza e dal rapporto tra lo spessore e la lunghezza d'onda della luce (Carlotti, 2018). Con l’avanzare della ricerca e delle tecnologie basate sulla deposizione di film sottili, è possibile concentrarsi sulla determinazione del modulo elastico di film molto sottili di Titanio (Ti) su scala nanometrica depositati con la tecnica denominata “High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS)”. I valori così ottenuti vengono confrontati con campioni del sputtering di magnetron a corrente continua “Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering” (DCMS) in aggiunta a campioni eterogenei formati dall’insieme dei due metodi di deposizione. Tutti i film depositati vanno da una scala di 100 nm a circa 500 nm e vengono depositati su un substrato di silicio (Si). In questo caso, il substrato di silicio che ha una dimensione media di circa 500µm diventa un mezzo infinito rispetto agli strati di titanio. Poiché il modulo elastico dei film sub-micrometrici non può essere determinato direttamente applicando sollecitazioni a rischio di eventiali danneggiamento dei film, necessitano un approccio indiretto quale la Spettroscopia di Brillouin (BS). L'esistenza di fasi metastabili del titanio è stata dimostrata con film nanometrici. La recente svolta nella produzione di centinaia di nanometri ha permesso di misurare le proprietà di questi film. Nel caso di film sub-micrometrici, solo tecniche acustiche possono essere adottate nelle misurazioni. Tra le tecniche acustiche, la spettroscopia di Brillouin opera a frequenze più alte ed è quindi la più sensibile ai film sottili. Questo studio riporta una misurazione su un insieme di film di Ti su Si di diverse strutture prodotti con tecniche diverse. Le onde acustiche relative ai moduli elastici dei film vengono misurate in questo processo di spettroscopia senza contatto e vengono utilizzati programmi speciali di MATLAB per determinare il modulo elastico correlato alle proprietà meccaniche del film. A conclusione dello studio, viene presentata un'analisi dettagliata degli effetti del metodo di deposizione e delle diverse fasi sul modulo elastico.
Determination of the elastic modulus of HiPIMS titanium nanofilms by Brillouin spectroscopy
Asare-Baffour, Albert
2021/2022
Abstract
There are a number of techniques to obtain information about the properties of materials. For thin films in the nanometre (109m) scale, Light scattering techniques are the ideal choice for determining desired properties. The amount of information that can be extracted from a film is very dependent on the film properties in terms of transparency and the ratio of film thickness to light wavelength (Carlotti, 2018). With the advancement in research and thin film deposition technology, it has become possible to focus on the determination of the elastic modulus of very thin Titanium (Ti) films on the nanometre scale deposited by the High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) technique. The values obtained are compared with Direct Current Magnetron Sputtered (DCMS) samples as well as a hybrid of the two deposition methods forming heterogeneous samples. All the deposited films range from 100nm to about 500nm and are deposited on a silicon (Si) substrate. In this case, the Silicon substrate having an average dimension of about 500µm becomes an infinite medium in comparison to the titanium layers. Knowing that the elastic modulus of the submicrometric films cannot be determined directly by applying any stresses at the risk of damaging the films, it becomes necessary to utilize an indirect approach employing Brillouin Spectroscopy (BS). The existence of metastable phases of titanium has been demonstrated with nanometric films. The recent breakthrough in producing hundreds of nanometres has made it possible to measure the properties of such films. In the case of submicrometric supported films, only acoustic techniques can be adopted in making measurements. Among the acoustic techniques, Brillouin spectroscopy operates at higher frequencies and therefore is the most sensitive to thin films. This study reports on a measurements on a set of Ti on Si films of different structures, that were produced by different techniques. The acoustic waves which relates to the elastic modulus of the films are measured in this non-contact spectroscopy process and special MATLAB programs are used to determine the elastic modulus which relates to the mechanical properties of the film. A detailed analysis of the effects of the deposition method and the diverse phases on the elastic modulus are presented in the conclusion of the study.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2022_10_Asare-Baffour.pdf
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2022_10_Asare-Baffour_Extended Summary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/192358