Lebanese people are often defined as resilient. This resilience is supposedly linked to an ability to adapt to any situation, to bend but never break. Despite the dark history of our country, there is a light inside every Lebanese person that does not seem to dim no matter how difficult it gets. But the recent events of these past two years have drastically changed the future of the country and with it, the attitude of the people. Resilience is no longer enough, and adapting is only holding us back — as of October 2019 the people decided to fight back. Fight for their rights, basic needs, their dreams, and their future. Even after the tragedy of August 4th where half of the city was destroyed, more than 200 people were killed and estimated 300,000 were left homeless, that light turned into a strength that was entirely dedicated to rebuild everything that was lost. In that precise moment, as architects, our duty became clearer than ever: we needed to dedicate our all to help people retrieve their home and give them a space where they could feel safe again. Without even realizing it, almost every architecture student in Lebanon had joined an emergency building NGO and slowly helped the city come back to life. A year has passed since the explosion and despite all the efforts made, very little has changed. The buildings are almost all back to normal, but it is just a façade, deep down the city is still broken facing power shortage, fuel shortage, and having over 60% of the population now below the poverty line. Through this thesis, our aim is to study the city's multiple destruction/reconstruction and understand what went wrong each time. This research will help us shed light on the different components that contributed to weaken the city's urban organization leading to complete chaos. The goal is to learn from the past, analyze the present and propose a better future. The point in history we have chosen to start from is in 1943, once Lebanon was proclaimed an independent stat: we believe it is pertinent to start from there since from that moment forward Lebanon has known both its darkest and most glorious days. We will cover how politics played a role in different aspects of architectural planning and laws, as well as the troubles people are still facing today because of a faulty state, in a context of widespread state corruption. Throughout all these years, architecture was misused as a tool that slowly destroyed the city instead of improving the life quality of its inhabitants. Our only hope is that, by documenting everything Beirut has been through, history will not repeat itself and it will become finally possible to build a safe, functional, new and improved home for the Lebanese.
I libanesi sono spesso definiti come "resilienti". Questa resilienza è senza dubbio legata alla capacità di adattarsi a qualsiasi situazione, di piegarsi ma mai di spezzarsi. Nonostante la storia oscura del nostro Paese, c'è una luce dentro ogni libanese che non sembra spegnersi, a prescindere dalle difficoltà. Ma i recenti avvenimenti degli ultimi due anni hanno cambiato drasticamente il futuro del Paese e con esso l'atteggiamento della gente. La resilienza non è più sufficiente e l'adattamento non fa altro che frenarci: da ottobre 2019 la gente ha deciso di reagire. Lottare per i propri diritti, per i propri bisogni, per i propri sogni e per il proprio futuro. Anche dopo la tragedia del 4 agosto, in cui metà della città è stata distrutta, più di 200 persone sono state uccise e si stima che 300.000 siano rimaste senza casa, quella luce si è trasformata in una forza interamente dedicata a ricostruire tutto ciò che era andato perduto. In quel momento, e come architetti, il nostro dovere è diventato più chiaro che mai: dovevamo dedicare il nostro impegno per aiutare le persone a recuperare la loro casa e dare loro uno spazio in cui potessero sentirsi di nuovo al sicuro. Senza nemmeno rendersene conto, quasi tutti gli studenti di architettura del Libano si sono uniti ad una ONG che si occupa di edilizia di emergenza e hanno lentamente aiutato la città a riprendere vita. È passato un anno dall'esplosione e, nonostante gli sforzi compiuti, ben poco è cambiato. Gli edifici sono quasi tutti tornati alla normalità, ma è solo una facciata, in realtà la città è ancora distrutta dalla mancanza di eletricità, dalla carenza di carburante e dal fatto che oltre il 60% della popolazione è ormai sotto la soglia di povertà. Con questa tesi, il nostro obiettivo è studiare le tante distruzioni/ricostruzioni della città e capire cosa è andato storto ogni volta. Questa ricerca ci aiuterà ad accorgerci dei diversi componenti che hanno contribuito ad indebolire l'organizzazione urbana della città, portando al caos totale. L'obiettivo è imparare dal passato, analizzare il presente e proporre un futuro migliore. Il punto della storia da cui abbiamo scelto di partire è il 1943, quando il Libano è stato proclamato Stato indipendente: riteniamo che sia pertinente partire da lì perché da quel momento in poi il Libano ha conosciuto sia i suoi giorni più bui che quelli più gloriosi. Insisteremo sul ruolo della politica e i diversi aspetti della pianificazione architettonica e delle leggi, nonché dei problemi che la popolazione sta affrontando ancora oggi a causa di uno Stato difettoso, in un contesto di diffusa corruzione statale. In tutti questi anni, l'architettura è stata usata impropriamente come uno strumento che ha lentamente distrutto la città invece di migliorare la qualità della vita dei suoi abitanti. La nostra unica speranza è che, documentando tutto quello che Beirut ha vissuto, la storia non si ripeta e che sia finalmente possibile costruire una casa sicura, funzionale, nuova e migliore per i libanesi.
Tales of a Broken City, Beirut's multiple reconstructions and contemporary challenges
EL KHAZEN, MIA;MISTOU, MIA-MARIA
2021/2022
Abstract
Lebanese people are often defined as resilient. This resilience is supposedly linked to an ability to adapt to any situation, to bend but never break. Despite the dark history of our country, there is a light inside every Lebanese person that does not seem to dim no matter how difficult it gets. But the recent events of these past two years have drastically changed the future of the country and with it, the attitude of the people. Resilience is no longer enough, and adapting is only holding us back — as of October 2019 the people decided to fight back. Fight for their rights, basic needs, their dreams, and their future. Even after the tragedy of August 4th where half of the city was destroyed, more than 200 people were killed and estimated 300,000 were left homeless, that light turned into a strength that was entirely dedicated to rebuild everything that was lost. In that precise moment, as architects, our duty became clearer than ever: we needed to dedicate our all to help people retrieve their home and give them a space where they could feel safe again. Without even realizing it, almost every architecture student in Lebanon had joined an emergency building NGO and slowly helped the city come back to life. A year has passed since the explosion and despite all the efforts made, very little has changed. The buildings are almost all back to normal, but it is just a façade, deep down the city is still broken facing power shortage, fuel shortage, and having over 60% of the population now below the poverty line. Through this thesis, our aim is to study the city's multiple destruction/reconstruction and understand what went wrong each time. This research will help us shed light on the different components that contributed to weaken the city's urban organization leading to complete chaos. The goal is to learn from the past, analyze the present and propose a better future. The point in history we have chosen to start from is in 1943, once Lebanon was proclaimed an independent stat: we believe it is pertinent to start from there since from that moment forward Lebanon has known both its darkest and most glorious days. We will cover how politics played a role in different aspects of architectural planning and laws, as well as the troubles people are still facing today because of a faulty state, in a context of widespread state corruption. Throughout all these years, architecture was misused as a tool that slowly destroyed the city instead of improving the life quality of its inhabitants. Our only hope is that, by documenting everything Beirut has been through, history will not repeat itself and it will become finally possible to build a safe, functional, new and improved home for the Lebanese.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/195306