In the 21st century cities are experiencing a fast growth due to the increase of people living in the urban areas and, strictly correlated to the urbanisation process, we are obseriving other phenomena, such as climate change, the unprecedent loss of biodiversity and the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic that are the main threats for towns and citizens. The literature recognises that re-naturing the cities through solutions like green infrastructures (GI) and Nature-based Solutions (NBS) can improve the resilience and liveability of urban areas. In addition, several studies agree that the human-nature contact can improve people’s psychological well-being and, in particular, the mental and physical health of dwellers, threatened by the urban challenges, including the forced confinment and social distancing of the last two years of pandemic. The aim of this research is to investigate to what extent the human-nature relationship could improve the psychological well-being during the pandemic and in which way this period has changed the approach towards Nature. The case study of the investigation is Milan, with a focus on its historical centre. After an in-depth literature review to frame the problem and the spatial-environmental analysis of the case study, the core of this study consists in a social analysis carried out through questionnaires and interviews. Two quantitative online questionnaires about the perception of UGS (Urban Green Spaces) and of the human-nature contact in the pandemic period have been conducted. The main questionnaire was directed to the citizens living the Neighbourhood 1, while the other one addressed to the whole Milan population as a term of comparison. Furthermore, a qualitative survey was carried out to have a general professional overview about the Milan urban transformation, interviewing two privileged actors, experts in the urban green spaces and in the application of green solutions in the indoor spaces. The statistical analysis of questionnaires and qualitative analysis of interviews were then combined in order to update and specify the guidelines for NBS and GI in the context of the historical centre of Milano. The results confirmed the starting hypotesis that even a limited human-nature contact improved the well-being during the lockdowns and that Milan citizens started to enhance their relationship with Nature also in the domestic spaces. Additionally, preferences and constrains experienced in Municipio 1 were recorded and combined also with the spatial-environmental analysis. In the end, this thesis aimed to give recommendations with technical NBS for future landscape and architectural design strategies in the Milan historical centre, that are represented by nano gardens at the building scale, and community gardens with raised boxes and gardens of senses at the neighbourhood and city scale.
Nel XXI secolo le città stanno vivendo una rapida crescita a causa dell’aumento di persone che si stabilizzano nelle aree urbane e, strettamente correlati all’urbanizzazione, i cambiamenti climatici, la perdita senza precedenti di biodiversità e la diffusione della pandemia Covid-19 sono le principali minacce per le città e i cittadini. La letteratura riconosce che rinverdendo le città attraverso soluzioni verdi come le infrastrutture verdi (GI) e le Nature-based Solutions (NBS), le aree urbane avrebbero la possibilità di diventare più resilienti e vivibili. Inoltre, diversi studi concordano sul fatto che il contatto uomo-natura può migliorare il benessere psicologico delle persone e, in particolare, la salute mentale e fisica degli abitanti, minacciati dagli impatti urbani. In Italia, durante il periodo della pandemia degli ultimi due anni, i cittadini sono stati costretti a rimanere a casa e a mantenere le distanze negli spazi pubblici a causa delle restrizioni imposte. L’obiettivo di questa ricerca è di indagare in che misura il rapporto uomo-natura possa migliorare il benessere psicologico durante la pandemia e in che modo questo periodo abbia cambiato l’approccio nei confronti della natura. Il caso studio dell’indagine è Milano, con un focus sul suo centro storico. Sono stati condotti due questionari quantitativi online sulla percezione degli spazi verdi urbani e del contatto uomo-natura nel periodo della pandemia. Uno è stato rivolto all’intera popolazione milanese, l’altro è stato indirizzato ai cittadini del Municipio 1, il centro storico. Per illustrare una panoramica generale, sono state sviluppate analisi statistiche descrittive, elaborate sotto forma di percentuali. Successivamente, è stata effettuata un’analisi statistica approfondita con il cosiddetto “Chi-square test” e l’analisi delle corrispondenze (CA), unendo i due questionari. Inoltre, è stata condotta un’indagine qualitativa per avere una panoramica generale da un punto di vista professionale sulla trasformazione urbana di Milano, intervistando due testimoni privilegiati, esperti di spazi verdi urbani e di introduzione di soluzioni verdi negli spazi interni. I risultati emersi suggeriscono la difficoltà per la maggior parte dei cittadini nello sperimentare per la prima volta il lockdown e la “deprivazione verde”, colmata da un limitato contatto con la Natura attraverso attività sia negli spazi domestici che in quelli comuni, come giardinaggio sul balcone, relax in giardino e la creazione di piccoli spazi naturali. Inoltre, i più fortunati hanno potuto godere della vicinanza degli spazi verdi urbani (UGS) e della vista sul verde dalla loro abitazione. Questi risultati concludono che anche un limitato contatto uomo-natura ha migliorato il loro benessere durante il lockdown e che i cittadini milanesi hanno iniziato a pensare a come migliorare il loro rapporto con la natura anche negli spazi domestici. Infine, questa tesi mira a fornire raccomandazioni tecniche finali con NBS per future strategie di progettazione paesaggistica e architettonica nel centro storico di Milano, come nano-giardini alla scala dell’edificio e da orti comunitari con box rialzati e giardini dei sensi, alla scala di quartiere.
The social role of the urban and domestic greenery in the pandemic scenario : the case of Milan and its historical centre
Cornolti, Sandra
2021/2022
Abstract
In the 21st century cities are experiencing a fast growth due to the increase of people living in the urban areas and, strictly correlated to the urbanisation process, we are obseriving other phenomena, such as climate change, the unprecedent loss of biodiversity and the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic that are the main threats for towns and citizens. The literature recognises that re-naturing the cities through solutions like green infrastructures (GI) and Nature-based Solutions (NBS) can improve the resilience and liveability of urban areas. In addition, several studies agree that the human-nature contact can improve people’s psychological well-being and, in particular, the mental and physical health of dwellers, threatened by the urban challenges, including the forced confinment and social distancing of the last two years of pandemic. The aim of this research is to investigate to what extent the human-nature relationship could improve the psychological well-being during the pandemic and in which way this period has changed the approach towards Nature. The case study of the investigation is Milan, with a focus on its historical centre. After an in-depth literature review to frame the problem and the spatial-environmental analysis of the case study, the core of this study consists in a social analysis carried out through questionnaires and interviews. Two quantitative online questionnaires about the perception of UGS (Urban Green Spaces) and of the human-nature contact in the pandemic period have been conducted. The main questionnaire was directed to the citizens living the Neighbourhood 1, while the other one addressed to the whole Milan population as a term of comparison. Furthermore, a qualitative survey was carried out to have a general professional overview about the Milan urban transformation, interviewing two privileged actors, experts in the urban green spaces and in the application of green solutions in the indoor spaces. The statistical analysis of questionnaires and qualitative analysis of interviews were then combined in order to update and specify the guidelines for NBS and GI in the context of the historical centre of Milano. The results confirmed the starting hypotesis that even a limited human-nature contact improved the well-being during the lockdowns and that Milan citizens started to enhance their relationship with Nature also in the domestic spaces. Additionally, preferences and constrains experienced in Municipio 1 were recorded and combined also with the spatial-environmental analysis. In the end, this thesis aimed to give recommendations with technical NBS for future landscape and architectural design strategies in the Milan historical centre, that are represented by nano gardens at the building scale, and community gardens with raised boxes and gardens of senses at the neighbourhood and city scale.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/195379