The presented thesis consists of the analysis of the built environment of two case studies (one located in Italy and the other in France) in terms of carbon footprint. The thesis investigates the commonly employed intervention strategies aimed at compensating the carbon emissions in urban contexts and proposes future scenarios for the two contexts, both involved in political commitments for the achievement of European environmental objectives. The analysis started from the energy modelling of buildings of Chiaravalle, a neighborhood located in the South-East area of Milan, which has been selected as a potential energy community within the European research project NRG2Peers. A similar case study has been developed at the ESTP University of Paris for the creation of the building energy model of Cachan, which is a small municipality situated in the southern suburbs of Paris. The modelling is conducted at the urban level, with the exploitation of building archetypes. These are prototypical sets of characteristics needed to run an energy simulation (i.e., envelope, systems, occupants, etc.) that proved to be representative of a group of buildings. After the collection of the information needed for the development of the archetypes, the evaluation of the current situation in terms of energy consumption and the related environmental footprint of the two urban areas was conducted with a specific urban building energy modeling (UBEM) tool (i.e., the urban modeling interface (UMI)). Afterwards, some retrofit scenarios – consistent with the legislation of the two nations and with the construction typologies – have been included in the study, as strategies to improve the energy efficiency of the building stocks, therefore decreasing their energy consumption and the associated carbon emissions. In this framework, to break down the operational carbon emissions, photovoltaic production has also been considered and modelled. Finally, a scenario of reforestation has been estimated, aiming to achieve full compensation for the remaining carbon emissions. The project activity results to be highly innovative and of interest to the local communities, the municipalities of Milan and Paris, and the European Commission in terms of a feasibility study. The relevant outcomes are the two building energy models at the urban scale, used to run the different retrofit scenarios and photovoltaic potential, which can be coupled also with the reforestation scenarios to highlight the most convenient solutions for improving energy efficiency for each analyzed neighborhood and to evaluate the disparities in terms of carbon neutrality, considering the distinctive regulatory requirements of the two countries under study.
Il lavoro svolto in questa tesi di laurea tratta un confronto di due casi studio, uno sito in Italia ed uno in Francia, volti ad analizzare l'ambiente edificato esistente in termini di impronta carbonica. La tesi indaga le diverse strategie di intervento comunemente impiegate per compensare le emissioni di anidride carbonica a scala urbana e propone scenari futuri per i due contesti europei, entrambi coinvolti in impegni politici al fine di conseguire gli obiettivi ambientali a livello europeo. L'analisi è partita dalla modellazione energetica degli edifici di Chiaravalle, un quartiere situato nella zona sud-est di Milano, precedentemente selezionato nell'ambito del progetto di ricerca europeo NRG2Peers come potenziale comunità energetica. Una volta analizzato il modello italiano, un simile caso studio è stato implementato presso l'Università ESTP di Parigi per la creazione del modello energetico degli edifici di Cachan, rappresentante un piccolo comune ubicato nella periferia sud di Parigi. La modellazione è condotta a livello urbano tramite l’utilizzo di archetipi rappresentativi di un gruppo di edifici, ovvero prototipi di edifici che raccolgono l’insieme delle caratteristiche necessarie per eseguire una simulazione energetica. Dopo aver raccolto tutte le informazioni necessarie per lo sviluppo degli archetipi, è stato possibile valutare la situazione attuale in termini di consumo energetico e la relativa impronta ambientale delle due aree urbane. A tale scopo, è stato utilizzato uno specifico strumento di modellazione energetica degli edifici urbani, ovvero il software UMI. Successivamente, sono stati inseriti nello studio alcuni scenari di riqualificazione - coerenti con la legislazione delle due nazioni e con le tipologie costruttive - ovvero strategie di retrofit volte a migliorare l'efficienza energetica del patrimonio edilizio, diminuendo il loro consumo energetico e di conseguenza le emissioni di anidride carbonica. Inoltre, l’attività ha previsto anche una produzione da fotovoltaico, con lo scopo di mantenere le emissioni in fase operativa degli edifici. Infine, sono stati previsti interventi di riforestazione atti a compensare le restanti emissioni. Tale lavoro di tesi si è dimostrato fortemente innovativo e di interesse sia per le realtà locali, sia a scala europea. I risultati ottenuti sono infatti utili per rilevare le principali soluzioni di efficientamento energetico in ciascun quartiere analizzato e per valutarne le disparità in ottica di decarbonizzazione, in relazione ai requisiti normativi distintivi delle due località oggetto di studio.
Comparison of decarbonization strategies of the existing environment, built on a neighborhood scale, in the construction contexts of Milan and Paris
Caia, Valentina
2021/2022
Abstract
The presented thesis consists of the analysis of the built environment of two case studies (one located in Italy and the other in France) in terms of carbon footprint. The thesis investigates the commonly employed intervention strategies aimed at compensating the carbon emissions in urban contexts and proposes future scenarios for the two contexts, both involved in political commitments for the achievement of European environmental objectives. The analysis started from the energy modelling of buildings of Chiaravalle, a neighborhood located in the South-East area of Milan, which has been selected as a potential energy community within the European research project NRG2Peers. A similar case study has been developed at the ESTP University of Paris for the creation of the building energy model of Cachan, which is a small municipality situated in the southern suburbs of Paris. The modelling is conducted at the urban level, with the exploitation of building archetypes. These are prototypical sets of characteristics needed to run an energy simulation (i.e., envelope, systems, occupants, etc.) that proved to be representative of a group of buildings. After the collection of the information needed for the development of the archetypes, the evaluation of the current situation in terms of energy consumption and the related environmental footprint of the two urban areas was conducted with a specific urban building energy modeling (UBEM) tool (i.e., the urban modeling interface (UMI)). Afterwards, some retrofit scenarios – consistent with the legislation of the two nations and with the construction typologies – have been included in the study, as strategies to improve the energy efficiency of the building stocks, therefore decreasing their energy consumption and the associated carbon emissions. In this framework, to break down the operational carbon emissions, photovoltaic production has also been considered and modelled. Finally, a scenario of reforestation has been estimated, aiming to achieve full compensation for the remaining carbon emissions. The project activity results to be highly innovative and of interest to the local communities, the municipalities of Milan and Paris, and the European Commission in terms of a feasibility study. The relevant outcomes are the two building energy models at the urban scale, used to run the different retrofit scenarios and photovoltaic potential, which can be coupled also with the reforestation scenarios to highlight the most convenient solutions for improving energy efficiency for each analyzed neighborhood and to evaluate the disparities in terms of carbon neutrality, considering the distinctive regulatory requirements of the two countries under study.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/196137