The aeronautical sector is lately experimenting a growing interest in electric rotary wing vehicles for urban mobility, which are characterised by multiple smaller propellers rotating at high RPM. This features introduce new challenges on the aerodynamic and acoustic sides, since strict constraints are imposed on the dimensions, on the power consumption and on the noise emissions, to be suitable for a urban context. In this framework, the following work intends to propose a low-fidelity optimisation methodology, which becomes crucial to improve the aerodynamic and acoustic performances of the rotor. The low-fidelity approach has been selected since it allows a faster exploration of the possible designs. The first part of this work is dedicated to the development and validation of a multidisciplinary optimisation workflow for an open rotor, modelling the aerodynamics with an adaptation of the Lifting Line Theory and the acoustics with Farassat 1A formulation of Ffwocs-Williams Hawkings equation. The optimisation results have been validated with a RANS simulation, obtaining a satisfactory gain on the power consumption and the noise signature. In a second moment, the solution of the ducted rotor has been considered and preliminary activities have been accomplished for the development of a future optimisation workflow. These include a RANS simulation to explore the physics of this configuration and to collect data, and the development of a panel method for the low-fidelity modelling of the duct.
Il settore aeronautico sta sperimentando ultimamente un crescente interesse per i veicoli elettrici ad ala rotante per la mobilità urbana, caratterizzati da più eliche, di dimensioni contenute e con elevate velocità di rotazione. Queste caratteristiche introducono nuove problematiche dai punti di vista aerodinamico e acustico, in quanto é necessario rispettare severi vincoli sulle dimensioni, sui consumi e sulle emissioni acustiche, per adattare questi veicoli al contesto urbano. In questo quadro, il seguente lavoro intende proporre una metodologia di ottimizzazione a bassa fedeltà, che diventa cruciale per migliorare le prestazioni aerodinamiche e acustiche del rotore. L’approccio low-fidelity è stato scelto in quanto consente un’esplorazione più rapida dei possibili design. La prima parte di questo lavoro è dedicata allo sviluppo e alla validazione di un workflow di ottimizzazione multidisciplinare per un rotore libero, modellando l’aerodinamica con un adattamento della teoria della linea portante e l’acustica con la formulazione Farassat 1A dell’equazione di Ffwocs-Williams Hawkings. I risultati dell’ottimizzazione sono stati verificati con una simulazione RANS, ottenendo un guadagno soddisfacente sul consumo energetico e sull’emissione acustica. In un secondo momento, la soluzione del rotore carenato è stata presa in considerazione e sono state svolte attività preliminari per lo sviluppo di un futuro workflow di ottimizzazione. Queste includono una simulazione RANS per esplorare la fisica di questa configurazione e per raccogliere dati e lo sviluppo di un metodo a pannelli per la modellazione a bassa fedeltà dell’aerodinamica della carena.
Aeroacoustic multidisciplinary design optimisation of an open and ducted rotor
PICENI, ENRICO
2021/2022
Abstract
The aeronautical sector is lately experimenting a growing interest in electric rotary wing vehicles for urban mobility, which are characterised by multiple smaller propellers rotating at high RPM. This features introduce new challenges on the aerodynamic and acoustic sides, since strict constraints are imposed on the dimensions, on the power consumption and on the noise emissions, to be suitable for a urban context. In this framework, the following work intends to propose a low-fidelity optimisation methodology, which becomes crucial to improve the aerodynamic and acoustic performances of the rotor. The low-fidelity approach has been selected since it allows a faster exploration of the possible designs. The first part of this work is dedicated to the development and validation of a multidisciplinary optimisation workflow for an open rotor, modelling the aerodynamics with an adaptation of the Lifting Line Theory and the acoustics with Farassat 1A formulation of Ffwocs-Williams Hawkings equation. The optimisation results have been validated with a RANS simulation, obtaining a satisfactory gain on the power consumption and the noise signature. In a second moment, the solution of the ducted rotor has been considered and preliminary activities have been accomplished for the development of a future optimisation workflow. These include a RANS simulation to explore the physics of this configuration and to collect data, and the development of a panel method for the low-fidelity modelling of the duct.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Aeroacoustic Multidisciplinary Design Optimisation of an open and ducted rotor.pdf
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Executive_Summary_Enrico_Piceni.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive Summary
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/196689