The recent booming of e-commerce, combined with a rapidly growing food delivery industry, has brought practitioners to pose the attention to e-commerce packaging topic. Packaging plays important roles within the e-commerce sector, as it represents, on one hand, the physical object used to protect goods during the delivery, and, on the other, the only physical touch point between the brand and the consumer. Along e-commerce packaging life cycle, it is not possible to avoid mentioning some drawbacks: impacts from cost, environmental and human health perspectives are generated all over the four main phases of design, production, use and end-of-life of packaging. Practitioners have focused on quantifying and evaluating such impacts and on discussing strategies aimed at their mitigation. The present work is a systematic literature review analysing the state-of-the-art on e-commerce packaging topic. Starting from papers selection, based on the evaluation of their relevance to the topic, a structured analysis has been carried out applying specially selected lenses of analysis. Papers’ analysis has allowed the authors to develop a conceptual framework summarizing the main findings within the existing literature regarding e-commerce packaging. The conceptual framework, presented and explained in Paragraph 2.2, follows the e-commerce packaging lifecycle, based on the four major lifecycle stages, along which relevant impacts are caused. The review has recognized the main e-commerce packaging roles, the functional and the marketing ones, which are found to be drivers of two significant existing challenges on the topic, namely overpackaging and waste management problems. These last are found to contribute to increasing the magnitude of packaging lifecycle impacts from cost, environmental, human health perspectives. The framework also includes the possible strategies, as discussed in the literature, which can be implemented to mitigate the impacts, and where they can be beneficial along the e-commerce packaging lifecycle phases. Finally, it points out the involvement of different stakeholders along the process, and how their sphere of influence differs from one stage to another. In practice, the conceptual framework has been presented as a matrix, where problems, strategies and stakeholders’ role are discussed on the horizontal axis. Vertically, instead, the four e-commerce packaging lifecycle phases constitute the columns, aimed at mapping where problems occur, where strategies bring benefits, and where stakeholders have a specific role. At the end, the literature review has been finalized with some conclusions, including the identification of research gaps and hints for future practitioners.
Il recente boom dell’e-commerce, unito alla rapida crescita dell'industria della consegna di cibo a domicilio, ha portato i ricercatori a porre l'attenzione sul tema del packaging per l’e-commerce. Il packaging svolge un ruolo importante nel settore dell'e-commerce, in quanto rappresenta, da un lato, l'oggetto utilizzato per proteggere i prodotti durante la consegna e, dall'altro, l'unico punto di contatto fisico tra il brand e il consumatore. Lungo il ciclo di vita del packaging, ciascuna tra le fasi di design, produzione, utilizzo e smaltimento è responsabile per la generazione di impatti dal punto di vista dei costi, dell'ambiente e della salute umana. La ricerca esistente si è concentrata sulla quantificazione e sulla valutazione di tali impatti e sulla discussione delle potenziali strategie da adottare volte alla loro mitigazione. Il presente elaborato consiste in una revisione sistematica della letteratura, con l’obiettivo di individuare le principali tematiche esistenti riguardo al packaging per l’e-commerce. Partendo dalla selezione dei documenti da includere, basata sulla valutazione della loro pertinenza all'argomento, è stata condotta un'analisi strutturata applicando delle lenti di analisi specifiche. L'analisi dei documenti ha permesso quindi agli autori di sviluppare un framework concettuale che riassume i principali risultati della letteratura esistente sul packaging per l'e-commerce. Il framework, presentato e spiegato nel Paragrafo 2.2, si sviluppa lungo il ciclo di vita del packaging, che include le quattro fasi principali sopracitate, lungo le quali si verificano gli impatti rilevanti. La revisione svolta ha permesso di riconoscere due ruoli principali del packaging per l’e-commerce, quello funzionale e quello di marketing, i quali risultano essere i driver di due importanti problematiche esistenti sul tema, ovvero, l'overpackaging e la gestione dei rifiuti di imballaggio. Tali problematiche, a loro volta, contribuiscono ad aumentare l'entità degli impatti generati lungo il ciclo di vita dalle prospettive dei costi, dell'ambiente e della salute umana. Il framework comprende inoltre le possibili strategie, discusse in letteratura, che possono essere attuate per mitigare gli impatti, evidenziando dove queste possono apportare dei benefici nelle diverse fasi del ciclo di vita. Infine, esso evidenzia il coinvolgimento di diversi stakeholders lungo il processo, e come questi possano avere diverse sfere di influenza nelle varie fasi. In pratica, il modello è presentato come una matrice, dove le problematiche, le strategie e il ruolo degli stakeholders sono disposti sull'asse orizzontale. Verticalmente, invece, le quattro fasi del ciclo di vita del packaging per l'e-commerce costituiscono le colonne, volte a mappare dove i problemi si verificano, le strategie apportano benefici e gli stakeholders svolgono il loro ruolo. Infine, la revisione della letteratura è stata completata con alcune conclusioni, che includono l'identificazione dei principali gap della ricerca e dei suggerimenti per i futuri ricercatori.
Problems, impacts, mitigation strategies and stakeholders' roles along e-commerce packaging lifecycle : from a systematic literature review to a conceptual framework
NICHELINI, GIULIA;MAGNIFICO, LUCA
2021/2022
Abstract
The recent booming of e-commerce, combined with a rapidly growing food delivery industry, has brought practitioners to pose the attention to e-commerce packaging topic. Packaging plays important roles within the e-commerce sector, as it represents, on one hand, the physical object used to protect goods during the delivery, and, on the other, the only physical touch point between the brand and the consumer. Along e-commerce packaging life cycle, it is not possible to avoid mentioning some drawbacks: impacts from cost, environmental and human health perspectives are generated all over the four main phases of design, production, use and end-of-life of packaging. Practitioners have focused on quantifying and evaluating such impacts and on discussing strategies aimed at their mitigation. The present work is a systematic literature review analysing the state-of-the-art on e-commerce packaging topic. Starting from papers selection, based on the evaluation of their relevance to the topic, a structured analysis has been carried out applying specially selected lenses of analysis. Papers’ analysis has allowed the authors to develop a conceptual framework summarizing the main findings within the existing literature regarding e-commerce packaging. The conceptual framework, presented and explained in Paragraph 2.2, follows the e-commerce packaging lifecycle, based on the four major lifecycle stages, along which relevant impacts are caused. The review has recognized the main e-commerce packaging roles, the functional and the marketing ones, which are found to be drivers of two significant existing challenges on the topic, namely overpackaging and waste management problems. These last are found to contribute to increasing the magnitude of packaging lifecycle impacts from cost, environmental, human health perspectives. The framework also includes the possible strategies, as discussed in the literature, which can be implemented to mitigate the impacts, and where they can be beneficial along the e-commerce packaging lifecycle phases. Finally, it points out the involvement of different stakeholders along the process, and how their sphere of influence differs from one stage to another. In practice, the conceptual framework has been presented as a matrix, where problems, strategies and stakeholders’ role are discussed on the horizontal axis. Vertically, instead, the four e-commerce packaging lifecycle phases constitute the columns, aimed at mapping where problems occur, where strategies bring benefits, and where stakeholders have a specific role. At the end, the literature review has been finalized with some conclusions, including the identification of research gaps and hints for future practitioners.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/197046