Cities are playing an increasingly central role in modern society. Recent studies show that the global demographic increase and the ever-growing number of people living in cities will be two crucial challenges for future generations, as they cause enormous social, economic and environmental problems. One possible solution to these problems comes from the implementation of Smart City projects that, through the use of Internet of Things devices and applications, enable municipalities to improve services to citizens, save costs and reduce environmental impact. These considerations justify the importance of the topic of Smart Cities and therefore the first objective of this thesis has been to collect, classify and study data regarding those kind of projects in recent years. The research led to the creation of a database of over 1,500 application cases for which various information is recorded to provide an accurate snapshot of Smart Cities in Europe. Once the database was completed, it was possible to analyse the collected results. From the study, it was possible to draw various considerations on different aspects of the cases, mostly regarding the number of projects and their funding, all analysed through different dimensions. The work subsequently focused on investigating two specific results that emerged from the study. The first aspect concerns the detailed search for the reasons that led four exceptional cases to record costs that exceed 1 billion euros, to isolate them from the others so as not to obtain statistical results that are wrongly influenced by outliers. The second insight concerns a very significant result that emerged from the numerical analysis: private contributions are essential for public administrations to develop their Smart City projects, especially if they are extremely complex and expensive. A method for creating collaborations between private companies and municipalities has been provided, which highlights the main advantages of this type of agreement and the challenges that must be overcome for these collaborations to be fruitful. This approach is a winning solution for municipalities that want to rethink their services for citizens from a smart perspective.
Le città stanno avendo un ruolo sempre più centrale nella società moderna. I recenti studi mostrano che l'aumento demografico globale e la sempre maggiore crescita del numero di persone che vive nelle città saranno due sfide cruciali per le generazioni future, poiché causano enormi problemi sociali, economici e ambientali. Una possibile soluzione a questi problemi arriva dall'implementazione di progetti di Smart City che, grazie all’utilizzo di dispositivi e applicativi di Internet of Things, consentono ai comuni di migliorare i servizi ai cittadini, risparmiare costi e ridurre l'impatto ambientale. Queste considerazioni giustificano l'importanza del tema delle Smart City e perciò il primo obiettivo di questa tesi è stato quello di raccogliere, classificare e studiare i dati relativi ai progetti degli ultimi anni. La ricerca ha portato alla creazione di un database di oltre 1.500 casi applicativi per i quali sono state registrate diverse informazioni con l’obiettivo di fornire una fotografia accurata delle Smart City in Europa. Una volta completato il database, è stato possibile analizzare i risultati raccolti. Dallo studio è stato possibile trarre diverse considerazioni sulla diversa distribuzione dei casi e dei fondi nelle diverse dimensioni di analisi considerate. Il lavoro si è successivamente concentrato sull'approfondimento di due particolari risultati emersi dallo studio. Il primo aspetto riguarda la ricerca dettagliata delle ragioni che hanno portato quattro casi specifici a registrare costi superiori a 1 miliardo di euro, in modo da isolarli dagli altri per non ottenere risultati statistici troppo influenzati dai pochi casi eccezionali. Il secondo approfondimento riguarda un risultato molto significativo emerso dall'analisi numerica: i contributi privati sono fondamentali affinché le amministrazioni pubbliche possano sviluppare i loro progetti di Smart City, soprattutto se estremamente complessi e costosi. È stato fornito un metodo per la creazione di collaborazioni tra aziende private e comuni, che mette in evidenza i principali vantaggi di questo tipo di accordi e le sfide da superare affinché queste collaborazioni siano fruttuose. Questo approccio rappresenta una soluzione vincente per i comuni che vogliono ripensare i propri servizi per i cittadini in un'ottica smart.
Smart Cities in Europe : a state-of-the-art analysis on projects, applications and funding
TORESINI, DAVIDE;POGGIATO, PIETRO
2021/2022
Abstract
Cities are playing an increasingly central role in modern society. Recent studies show that the global demographic increase and the ever-growing number of people living in cities will be two crucial challenges for future generations, as they cause enormous social, economic and environmental problems. One possible solution to these problems comes from the implementation of Smart City projects that, through the use of Internet of Things devices and applications, enable municipalities to improve services to citizens, save costs and reduce environmental impact. These considerations justify the importance of the topic of Smart Cities and therefore the first objective of this thesis has been to collect, classify and study data regarding those kind of projects in recent years. The research led to the creation of a database of over 1,500 application cases for which various information is recorded to provide an accurate snapshot of Smart Cities in Europe. Once the database was completed, it was possible to analyse the collected results. From the study, it was possible to draw various considerations on different aspects of the cases, mostly regarding the number of projects and their funding, all analysed through different dimensions. The work subsequently focused on investigating two specific results that emerged from the study. The first aspect concerns the detailed search for the reasons that led four exceptional cases to record costs that exceed 1 billion euros, to isolate them from the others so as not to obtain statistical results that are wrongly influenced by outliers. The second insight concerns a very significant result that emerged from the numerical analysis: private contributions are essential for public administrations to develop their Smart City projects, especially if they are extremely complex and expensive. A method for creating collaborations between private companies and municipalities has been provided, which highlights the main advantages of this type of agreement and the challenges that must be overcome for these collaborations to be fruitful. This approach is a winning solution for municipalities that want to rethink their services for citizens from a smart perspective.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/198339