An emerging area in innovation research focuses on how to apply crowd engagement to deal with ill-structured issues (i.e. wicked problems). Crowd engagement processes involve the outsourcing of tasks to solvers who voluntarily self-select to carry them out. Researchers are trying to find out how to employ new methods to tackle wicked problems through the support of various stakeholders. This study expands the knowledge about crowd engagement challenges based on ill-structured issues. It explores the motivational drivers that influence stakeholders’ participation in such initiatives. Moreover, it investigates the impact of intrinsic motivational drivers on solvers’ engagement in solution creation and problem-framing processes. Indeed, since wicked problems do not have well-defined problem statements, framing the problem could be a promising approach for innovation. Thus, the existing literature review has been analyzed. It emerged that, in a crowdsourcing setting, joining challenges based on complex issues, represents a chance for solvers to accomplish their intrinsic motivation by contributing to social welfare. Though, research pointed out that extrinsic motivation, such as the chance to gain rewards, drives the crowds’ attendance in most crowdsourcing applications. However, this phenomenon has not yet been studied in crowd engagement settings. Hence, an analysis based on a qualitative and a quantitative study, with an additional emphasis on how motivational drivers impact solvers’ engagement, has been conducted to fulfill this gap. Results show that individuals are motivated by a combination of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, in line with the previous literature on crowdsourcing. It emerged that, during crowd engagement initiatives, individuals are more intrinsically motivated, therefore initiators are encouraged to leverage intrinsic motivational drivers to attract individuals to achieve higher levels of performance. Moreover, initiators should be aware that, to stimulate solvers’ engagement, they should put attention to designing initiatives by focusing on fun and enjoyable challenges and let solvers accomplish satisfaction and self-fulfillment.
Un'area emergente nella ricerca dell'innovazione si concentra su come coinvolgere le masse per affrontare problemi poco strutturati (ovvero wicked problems). I processi di crowd engagement prevedono l'esternalizzazione di compiti a risolutori che li svolgono volontariamente. La ricerca si focalizza nell’ applicazione di nuovi metodi per affrontare i wicked problems tramite il supporto di vari stakeholders. Questo studio amplia la conoscenza scientifica su iniziative di crowd engagement basate su problemi poco strutturati. Esplora i fattori motivazionali che influenzano la partecipazione degli stakeholders a tali iniziative e indaga l'impatto dei fattori motivazionali intrinseci sull'impegno dei risolutori nella creazione di soluzioni e nei processi di problem-framing. Infatti, poiché i problemi complessi non hanno formulazioni ben definite, l'inquadramento del problema potrebbe essere un approccio promettente per l'innovazione. Dall’analisi della letteratura esistente, è emerso che in contesti di crowdsourcing partecipare a sfide basate su problemi complessi rappresenta un'opportunità per i risolutori di soddisfare la loro motivazione intrinseca contribuendo al benessere sociale. Tuttavia, la ricerca ha evidenziato che motivazioni estrinseche come la possibilità di ottenere ricompense, influenzano la partecipazione delle masse nella maggior parte dei processi di crowdsourcing. Tuttavia, questo fenomeno non è ancora stato studiato in contesti di crowd engagement. Per colmare questo gap è stata condotta un'analisi basata su uno studio qualitativo e quantitativo, con un'ulteriore enfasi sul contributo dei fattori motivazionali sul coinvolgimento dei risolutori. In linea con la letteratura sul crowdsourcing, i risultati mostrano che gli individui sono motivati sia intrinsecamente che estrinsecamente. È emerso che, durante le iniziative di crowd engagement, gli individui sono più motivati intrinsecamente pertanto si incoraggiano gli organizzatori a sfruttare i fattori motivazionali intrinseci per indurre gli individui a raggiungere prestazioni più elevate. Inoltre, per stimolare l'impegno dei risolutori, bisognerebbe prestare attenzione alla progettazione delle iniziative, concentrandosi su sfide divertenti e piacevoli in modo che i solutori possano essere soddisfatti e appagati.
Engaging the crowd: an empirical analysis of motivational drivers of individuals in crowd engagement initiatives based on macro-tasks challenges for wicked issues
La VENUTA, ELENA;Negri, Davide
2021/2022
Abstract
An emerging area in innovation research focuses on how to apply crowd engagement to deal with ill-structured issues (i.e. wicked problems). Crowd engagement processes involve the outsourcing of tasks to solvers who voluntarily self-select to carry them out. Researchers are trying to find out how to employ new methods to tackle wicked problems through the support of various stakeholders. This study expands the knowledge about crowd engagement challenges based on ill-structured issues. It explores the motivational drivers that influence stakeholders’ participation in such initiatives. Moreover, it investigates the impact of intrinsic motivational drivers on solvers’ engagement in solution creation and problem-framing processes. Indeed, since wicked problems do not have well-defined problem statements, framing the problem could be a promising approach for innovation. Thus, the existing literature review has been analyzed. It emerged that, in a crowdsourcing setting, joining challenges based on complex issues, represents a chance for solvers to accomplish their intrinsic motivation by contributing to social welfare. Though, research pointed out that extrinsic motivation, such as the chance to gain rewards, drives the crowds’ attendance in most crowdsourcing applications. However, this phenomenon has not yet been studied in crowd engagement settings. Hence, an analysis based on a qualitative and a quantitative study, with an additional emphasis on how motivational drivers impact solvers’ engagement, has been conducted to fulfill this gap. Results show that individuals are motivated by a combination of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, in line with the previous literature on crowdsourcing. It emerged that, during crowd engagement initiatives, individuals are more intrinsically motivated, therefore initiators are encouraged to leverage intrinsic motivational drivers to attract individuals to achieve higher levels of performance. Moreover, initiators should be aware that, to stimulate solvers’ engagement, they should put attention to designing initiatives by focusing on fun and enjoyable challenges and let solvers accomplish satisfaction and self-fulfillment.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/198582