The purpose of this work is to investigate how companies integrate sustainability into their investment evaluation processes, with also a focus on the methods used to assess investments in terms of returns and sustainability impacts. Companies are more and more interested in the topic also because of the proven connection between sustainability and financial results. The work starts with a definition of state of the art based on a review of the literature on the paradigms and methods currently available for incorporating sustainability into the investment evaluation process. The findings were then compared to those of an empirical study of 11 companies from 5 different industries, done in order to determine what practices they currently use to incorporate sustainability dimensions into their investment processes. From the cases analysed, it was found that sustainability is nowadays well integrated into the strategy of the companies and in the definition of investment opportunities. However, the situation is different for investment assessments. Sustainability is taken into account, but in most cases, a solid structure that is systematically used is still lacking. Environmental and social consequences are frequently examined qualitatively using a non-fixed set of instruments and then placed alongside the more important economic component, which is evaluated using conventional methods. Almost no matches were found between the models examined in the literature and those employed by the companies. This could be due to a non-satisfying answer to the needs of the companies in terms of methods’ features, as they are frequently developed on a theoretical foundation with insufficient interaction with the business world. Disparities in sustainability integration were observed to be impacted by factors such as industry of belonging, size of the company, value proposition, and shareholder structure for the firms analysed. Finally, the academic and managerial implications, as well as the limitations of the work, are discussed, highlighting the potential benefits of a collaborative effort between academics and businesses in the definition of methods, models, and practices that can foster sustainability integration by responding to the company- and industry-specific needs.
Lo scopo di questo lavoro è indagare come le aziende integrano la sostenibilità nei loro processi di valutazione degli investimenti, con un focus anche sui metodi utilizzati per valutare gli investimenti in termini di rendimenti e impatti sulla sostenibilità. Le aziende sono sempre più interessate al tema anche per la comprovata connessione tra sostenibilità e performance finanziarie. Il lavoro inizia con una definizione dello stato dell’arte basata su una revisione della letteratura circa paradigmi e metodi attualmente disponibili per incorporare la sostenibilità nel processo di valutazione degli investimenti. I risultati sono stati poi confrontati con quelli di uno studio empirico condotto su 11 aziende, di 5 industrie diverse, fatto per determinare quali pratiche usano attualmente per incorporare le dimensioni della sostenibilità nei loro processi di investimento. Dai casi analizzati, è emerso che la sostenibilità è oggi ben integrata nella strategia delle aziende e nella definizione delle opportunità di investimento. Tuttavia, la situazione è diversa per quanto riguarda le valutazioni degli investimenti. La sostenibilità viene presa in considerazione, ma nella maggior parte dei casi manca ancora una struttura solida da utilizzare sistematicamente. Gli impatti ambientali e sociali vengono spesso esaminati in modo qualitativo, utilizzando una serie di strumenti non fissi, e poi affiancati alla più importante componente economica, valutata con metodi convenzionali. Non è stato trovato quasi nessun riscontro tra i modelli esaminati in letteratura e quelli utilizzati dalle aziende. Ciò potrebbe essere dovuto a una risposta non soddisfacente alle esigenze delle aziende in termini di caratteristiche dei metodi, poiché questi sono spesso sviluppati su una base teorica con un’interazione insufficiente con il mondo delle imprese. Si è osservato che le disparità nell’integrazione della sostenibilità sono influenzate da fattori quali il settore di appartenenza, le dimensioni dell’azienda, la value proposition e la struttura dell’azionariato delle imprese analizzate. Infine, vengono discusse le implicazioni accademiche e manageriali e i limiti del lavoro, evidenziando i potenziali benefici di uno sforzo di collaborazione tra accademici e imprese nella definizione di metodi, modelli e pratiche che possano favorire l’integrazione della sostenibilità rispondendo alle esigenze specifiche dell’azienda e del settore.
Sustainability and investment evaluation : processes and assessment methods
VANDARINI, ANDREA;Ventura, Giovanni
2021/2022
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to investigate how companies integrate sustainability into their investment evaluation processes, with also a focus on the methods used to assess investments in terms of returns and sustainability impacts. Companies are more and more interested in the topic also because of the proven connection between sustainability and financial results. The work starts with a definition of state of the art based on a review of the literature on the paradigms and methods currently available for incorporating sustainability into the investment evaluation process. The findings were then compared to those of an empirical study of 11 companies from 5 different industries, done in order to determine what practices they currently use to incorporate sustainability dimensions into their investment processes. From the cases analysed, it was found that sustainability is nowadays well integrated into the strategy of the companies and in the definition of investment opportunities. However, the situation is different for investment assessments. Sustainability is taken into account, but in most cases, a solid structure that is systematically used is still lacking. Environmental and social consequences are frequently examined qualitatively using a non-fixed set of instruments and then placed alongside the more important economic component, which is evaluated using conventional methods. Almost no matches were found between the models examined in the literature and those employed by the companies. This could be due to a non-satisfying answer to the needs of the companies in terms of methods’ features, as they are frequently developed on a theoretical foundation with insufficient interaction with the business world. Disparities in sustainability integration were observed to be impacted by factors such as industry of belonging, size of the company, value proposition, and shareholder structure for the firms analysed. Finally, the academic and managerial implications, as well as the limitations of the work, are discussed, highlighting the potential benefits of a collaborative effort between academics and businesses in the definition of methods, models, and practices that can foster sustainability integration by responding to the company- and industry-specific needs.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/201257