Nowadays, the possibility to manage Type 1 Diabetes without the need of insulin therapy exists, thanks to pancreatic islets transplantation. This cutting-edge treatment allows patients to be independent of insulin injections, avoiding dangerous episodes of hypoglycemia that these can cause. Before proceeding with transplantation, it is critical to define the cellular status in terms of viability and functionality, which is clinically assessed by the Glucose Stimulated Insulin Release or Secretion (GSIR or GSIS) assay. Although it is currently the gold standard procedure, the assay carries some drawbacks, especially due to the large number of cells considered during the assay, its long duration for cell’s assessment, and the inability to reproduce the physiological environment. The microfluidic «GSIR-on-a-chip» platform described in the present work falls within this context with the aim of overcoming the mentioned drawbacks. First of all, the device is able to decrease the number of cells analyzed by more than ten times compared to the standard procedure and to shorten its duration to one-fifth. Plus, the environment realized in the chip recalls the physiological conditions in which cells are found in the pancreas: first, through the use of a hydrogel, such as gelatin and alginate, embedding the cells under analysis, the extracellular matrix is recalled, and second, by means of the specific design of the chip, the diffusion of glucose towards the cells is also modeled, similarly to what occurs in vivo from the blood stream to cells through capillary walls. In addition to the GSIR assay, the chip implements further assays, which are intracellular Ca2+ variation and a live/dead analyses, respectively allowing to confirm cell functionality with a second parameter beyond the insulin release and cell viability. Combining all these advantages, the chip not only has the potential to replace the gold standard procedure quickly by defining cell status with more certainty, but also to enable the assessment of their viability status, further reducing the time required to define their condition prior to a transplant.
La possibilità di gestire il diabete di tipo 1 senza ricorrere alla terapia dell’insulina sta diventando realtà con la terapia che prevede il trapianto di isole pancreatiche. Tale trattamento all’avanguardia consente ai pazienti di essere indipendenti dalle iniezioni di insulina, evitando i pericolosi episodi di ipoglicemia che possono causare. Prima di procedere con il trapianto, è fondamentale definire lo stato cellulare in termini di vitalità e di funzionalità, che viene valutata clinicamente mediante il saggio Glucose Stimulated Insulin Release or Secretion (GSIR o GSIS). Nonostante, ad oggi, sia la procedura gold standard, il saggio presenta degli svantaggi, specialmente dovuti alla necessità di un elevato numero di cellule da analizzare, alla sua lunga durata per la valutazione della condizione cellulare e all’impossibilità di riprodurre l’ambiente fisiologico. La piattaforma microfluidica «GSIR-on-a-chip» descritta nel presente lavoro rientra in questo contesto con l’obiettivo di superare gli inconvenienti citati. Il dispositivo è in grado di diminuire il numero di cellule analizzate di oltre dieci volte rispetto alla procedura standard e di ridurre a un quinto la sua durata. Un ulteriore punto di forza risiede nel fatto che l’ambiente realizzato nel chip richiama le condizioni fisiologiche in cui si trovano le cellule nel pancreas. Innanzitutto, grazie all’utilizzo di un idrogelo, come gelatina e alginato, che incorpora le cellule in analisi, viene simulata la matrice extracellulare e, in secondo luogo, per mezzo del design specifico del chip, è modellata anche la diffusione del glucosio verso le cellule, in maniera simile a ciò che avviene in vivo dal sangue alle cellule attraverso le pareti dei capillari. Oltre al saggio GSIR, il chip implementa ulteriori analisi, che sono la variazione di Ca2+ intracellulare e un saggio live/dead, dando rispettivamente la possibilità di confermare la funzionalità delle cellule con un secondo parametro e la loro vitalità. Combinando tutti questi vantaggi, il chip non solo ha la potenzialità di sostituire la procedura gold standard in maniera veloce, definendo lo stato cellulare con più sicurezza, ma anche quella di consentire la valutazione del loro stato di vitalità, riducendo ulteriormente il tempo necessario per definire le loro condizioni a monte di un trapianto.
"GSIR-on-a-chip": optimization of an in vitro microfluidic platform for an easy and fast assessment of pancreatic islets' functionality
Pasolini, Ilaria
2021/2022
Abstract
Nowadays, the possibility to manage Type 1 Diabetes without the need of insulin therapy exists, thanks to pancreatic islets transplantation. This cutting-edge treatment allows patients to be independent of insulin injections, avoiding dangerous episodes of hypoglycemia that these can cause. Before proceeding with transplantation, it is critical to define the cellular status in terms of viability and functionality, which is clinically assessed by the Glucose Stimulated Insulin Release or Secretion (GSIR or GSIS) assay. Although it is currently the gold standard procedure, the assay carries some drawbacks, especially due to the large number of cells considered during the assay, its long duration for cell’s assessment, and the inability to reproduce the physiological environment. The microfluidic «GSIR-on-a-chip» platform described in the present work falls within this context with the aim of overcoming the mentioned drawbacks. First of all, the device is able to decrease the number of cells analyzed by more than ten times compared to the standard procedure and to shorten its duration to one-fifth. Plus, the environment realized in the chip recalls the physiological conditions in which cells are found in the pancreas: first, through the use of a hydrogel, such as gelatin and alginate, embedding the cells under analysis, the extracellular matrix is recalled, and second, by means of the specific design of the chip, the diffusion of glucose towards the cells is also modeled, similarly to what occurs in vivo from the blood stream to cells through capillary walls. In addition to the GSIR assay, the chip implements further assays, which are intracellular Ca2+ variation and a live/dead analyses, respectively allowing to confirm cell functionality with a second parameter beyond the insulin release and cell viability. Combining all these advantages, the chip not only has the potential to replace the gold standard procedure quickly by defining cell status with more certainty, but also to enable the assessment of their viability status, further reducing the time required to define their condition prior to a transplant.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2023_5_Pasolini_Tesi_01.pdf
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2023_5_Pasolini_Executive summary_02.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive summary
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/201453