The ankle is one of the most important joints in the human body and, through the connection it establishes between the lower limbs and feet, it allows the human being to move in the three directions. The talus is the most important sub-joint, acting as a fulcrum and supporting body weight. Thanks to the technological progress in terms of instruments and anatomical knowledge, in recent years, Total Ankle Replacement (TAR) has become the reference treatment for traumatic and degenerative pathologies affecting the joint. This thesis work aims to propose two prosthetic solutions, customized on the anatomical specifications of a patient at the Galeazzi hospital in Milan, designed to be created using the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technique. The project design reflects the characteristic architecture of reticular structures, low weight cellular solids now widely used in various engineering fields due to their peculiar mechanical performance, in order to emulate the typical architecture and morphology of the trabeculae of cancellous bone. The objective of the two prosthetic implants is twofold: reduction of the weight of the prosthesis by obtaining a reticular structure that expresses adequate mechanical properties, such as stiffness and compressive strength, avoiding, at the same time, the phenomenon of stress shielding and promoting the osteointegrative phenomenon its division into two layers. The geometric parameters that characterize the different configurations, such as the thickness of the rods and the dimensions of the cells, were determined and chosen on the basis of a literature search aimed at identifying the best ones for the researched objectives.
La caviglia è una delle articolazioni più importanti del corpo umano e, attraverso il collegamento che instaura tra arti inferiori e piedi, permette all’essere umano il movimento nelle tre direzioni. Della caviglia, l’astragalo rappresenta la sotto-articolazione più importante, agendo da fulcro e sostenendo il peso corporeo. La sostituzione completa di caviglia (Total Ankle Replacement - TAR) è diventata negli ultimi anni, grazie al progresso tecnologico in termini di strumentazioni e conoscenza anatomica, il trattamento di riferimento per patologie traumatiche e degenerative a carico dell’articolazione. Il presente lavoro di tesi mira a proporre due soluzioni protesiche, personalizzate sulle specifiche anatomiche di un paziente dell’ospedale Galeazzi di Milano, pensate per essere realizzate attraverso la tecnica di Fusione Laser Selettiva (Selective Laser Melting - SLM). I design di progettazione rispecchiano l’architettura caratteristica delle strutture reticolari, solidi cellulari a basso peso ormai ampliamente utilizzati in diversi campi ingegneristici per via delle loro peculiari prestazioni meccaniche, al fine di emulare architettura e morfologia tipica della trabecolatura dell’osso spongioso. L’obiettivo dei due impianti protesici è duplice: riduzione del peso della protesi attraverso l’ottenimento di una struttura reticolare che esprima proprietà meccaniche adeguate, quali rigidezza e resistenza a compressione, scongiurando al contempo il fenomeno dello stress shielding e promozione del fenomeno osteointegrativo attraverso la suddivisione della stessa in due strati. I parametri geometrici che caratterizzano le diverse configurazioni, come spessore delle aste e dimensioni delle celle, sono stati determinati e scelti sulla base di una ricerca in letteratura atta ad individuare quelli migliori per gli obiettivi ricercati.
Design di soluzioni paziente-specifiche per protesi di astragalo
Agostinello, Andrea
2021/2022
Abstract
The ankle is one of the most important joints in the human body and, through the connection it establishes between the lower limbs and feet, it allows the human being to move in the three directions. The talus is the most important sub-joint, acting as a fulcrum and supporting body weight. Thanks to the technological progress in terms of instruments and anatomical knowledge, in recent years, Total Ankle Replacement (TAR) has become the reference treatment for traumatic and degenerative pathologies affecting the joint. This thesis work aims to propose two prosthetic solutions, customized on the anatomical specifications of a patient at the Galeazzi hospital in Milan, designed to be created using the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technique. The project design reflects the characteristic architecture of reticular structures, low weight cellular solids now widely used in various engineering fields due to their peculiar mechanical performance, in order to emulate the typical architecture and morphology of the trabeculae of cancellous bone. The objective of the two prosthetic implants is twofold: reduction of the weight of the prosthesis by obtaining a reticular structure that expresses adequate mechanical properties, such as stiffness and compressive strength, avoiding, at the same time, the phenomenon of stress shielding and promoting the osteointegrative phenomenon its division into two layers. The geometric parameters that characterize the different configurations, such as the thickness of the rods and the dimensions of the cells, were determined and chosen on the basis of a literature search aimed at identifying the best ones for the researched objectives.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/201518