Additive technologies like cold spray have experienced a quick development, boosted by their advantages over conventional manufacturing techniques. While cold spray presents advantages for heat and oxidation-sensitive materials, it presents limitations for high-strength and high-hardness alloys, that are widely used in the aeronautic industry, one of the major areas of application of cold spray. It is the aim of this study, in collaboration with AIRBUS, to assess the viability of using high-pressure cold spray for structural repair of high-strength and hardness alloys commonly used in aeronautics. The materials used as the powder feedstock and substrate were 316L stainless steel and BS S3 132:1976 medium carbon low alloy steel. The cold spray parameters were selected based on numerical simulations from Kinetic Spray Solutions software. The quality of the produced coating was assessed for different cold spray parameters by analysing its microstructure, porosity, and microhardness. To assess the achieved adhesion strength, different tests in literature were considered and then selected as per the requirements of the project. Finite element methods and CAD models were used for analysing and designing specific fixtures of the chosen test methods, followed by their fabrication. Despite achieving good quality coating in terms of porosity (< 0.7%) and hardness (385 HV) compared to similar cases of the existing literature, the achieved adhesion quality was poor. Substrate grit-blasting was found helpful for improving the adhesion of the deposit due to increased surface roughness. However, the surface roughness did not seem to be sufficient to induce strong metallic bonding. Besides, the presence of Alumina grit (Al2O3) contamination in the interface region avoided reaching satisfactory bonding quality. This in turn hindered the possibility of achieving a sufficiently thick coating to be used in repair applications. To reduce grit contamination, several methods such as ultrasonic cleaning and grit-blasting with impact angles lower than 90° were explored, showing promising results but still requiring further research on exploring the effect of grit-blasting parameters.
Le tecnologie additive come il cold spray hanno conosciuto un rapido sviluppo, favorito dai loro vantaggi rispetto alle tecniche di produzione convenzionali. Sabbene il cold spray presenta dei vantaggi per i materiali sensibili al calore e all'ossidazione, presenta dei limiti per le leghe ad alta resistenza e durezza, ampiamente utilizzate nell'industria aeronautica, uno dei principali campi di applicazione del cold spray. Lo scopo di questo studio, in collaborazione con AIRBUS, è quello di valutare la fattibilità dell'utilizzo dil cold spray per la riparazione strutturale di leghe ad alta resistenza e durezza. I materiali utilizzati come materia prima in polvere e substrato sono stati l'acciaio inossidabile 316L e l'acciaio a basso tenore di carbonio BS S3 132:1976. La qualità del rivestimento è stata valutata per diversi parametri di cold spray analizzando la microstruttura, la porosità e la durezza. Per valutare la forza di adesione ottenuta, sono stati presi in considerazione diversi test presenti in letteratura e poi selezionati in base ai requisiti del progetto. Per l'analisi e la progettazione di attrezzature specifiche per i metodi di prova scelti sono stati utilizzati metodi a elementi finiti e modelli CAD, seguiti dalla loro fabbricazione. Nonostante l'ottenimento di un rivestimento di buona qualità in termini di porosità (< 0,7%) e durezza (385 HV) rispetto a casi simili della letteratura esistente, la qualità dell'adesione ottenuta era scarsa. La sabbiatura del substrato è stata utile per migliorare l'adesione del deposito grazie all'aumento della rugosità superficiale. Tuttavia, la presenza di contaminazione da graniglia di allumina (Al2O3) nella regione dell'interfaccia ha impedito di raggiungere una qualità di adesione soddisfacente. Questo, ha ostacolato la possibilità di ottenere un rivestimento sufficientemente spesso da poter essere utilizzato in applicazioni di riparazione. Per ridurre la contaminazione da graniglia, sono stati esplorati diversi metodi, come la pulizia a ultrasuoni e la sabbiatura con angoli d'impatto inferiori a 90°, che hanno mostrato risultati promettenti, ma che richiedono ulteriori ricerche.
Evaluation and characterization of cold spray coating solutions for structural repair in aeronautics
TAHIR, AHMED ALI;SUÁREZ-ZARRACINA GRANDA, IGNACIO
2021/2022
Abstract
Additive technologies like cold spray have experienced a quick development, boosted by their advantages over conventional manufacturing techniques. While cold spray presents advantages for heat and oxidation-sensitive materials, it presents limitations for high-strength and high-hardness alloys, that are widely used in the aeronautic industry, one of the major areas of application of cold spray. It is the aim of this study, in collaboration with AIRBUS, to assess the viability of using high-pressure cold spray for structural repair of high-strength and hardness alloys commonly used in aeronautics. The materials used as the powder feedstock and substrate were 316L stainless steel and BS S3 132:1976 medium carbon low alloy steel. The cold spray parameters were selected based on numerical simulations from Kinetic Spray Solutions software. The quality of the produced coating was assessed for different cold spray parameters by analysing its microstructure, porosity, and microhardness. To assess the achieved adhesion strength, different tests in literature were considered and then selected as per the requirements of the project. Finite element methods and CAD models were used for analysing and designing specific fixtures of the chosen test methods, followed by their fabrication. Despite achieving good quality coating in terms of porosity (< 0.7%) and hardness (385 HV) compared to similar cases of the existing literature, the achieved adhesion quality was poor. Substrate grit-blasting was found helpful for improving the adhesion of the deposit due to increased surface roughness. However, the surface roughness did not seem to be sufficient to induce strong metallic bonding. Besides, the presence of Alumina grit (Al2O3) contamination in the interface region avoided reaching satisfactory bonding quality. This in turn hindered the possibility of achieving a sufficiently thick coating to be used in repair applications. To reduce grit contamination, several methods such as ultrasonic cleaning and grit-blasting with impact angles lower than 90° were explored, showing promising results but still requiring further research on exploring the effect of grit-blasting parameters.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
2023_04_Tahir_SuarezZarracinaGranda_Thesis_01.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Thesis report
Dimensione
7.88 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
7.88 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
2023_04_Tahir_SuarezZarracinaGranda_Executive_Summary_02.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Executive summary
Dimensione
1.13 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.13 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/201712