The aim of the presented thesis work is to evaluate coronary perfusion, following Valve-in-Valve (VIV) intervention, in a patient-specific in vitro model, considered to be at risk of coronary obstruction. In particular, it is analysed whether the coronary artery reaccess technique, performed during the operation, was necessary, simulating VIV with a transcatheter aortic valve (TAV) positioned at different implantation heights and commissure rotations. On the basis of CT images of the patient, a CAD model of the aortic root was realized to accommodate the surgical biological aortic valve (SAVB) and TAV implanted in the patient. The 3D-printed model was connected to a systemic circulation circuit and a coronary impedance simulator (CIS) to perform fluid-dynamic tests under pulsatile conditions and analyse transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitant volume, effective orifice area (EOA) and coronary flow rate values. The valves implanted in the patient, and used in this study, are the SAVB TrifectaTM 19 and the TAV CoreValveTM EvolutTM R 23. The TAV was positioned +6 mm, +3 mm, 0 mm, -3 mm and -6 mm from the guideline-recommended implant position. The TAV was released for each implant height so that its commissures, first, lined up with the TrifectaTM commissures and then, turned by a 60° angle. Furthermore, with the aim of analysing test conditions close to reality, some tests were performed using a working fluid of similar viscosity to blood, consisting of a mixture of distilled water and glycerol. The results obtained show that, in the case of the patient under investigation, coronary occlusion does not occur and the coronary reaccess technique could have been avoided. The protocol used in this study may be a useful tool for pre-implantation VIV assessment and planning in patients with aortic root geometry considered to be at risk of coronary obstruction.
Il lavoro di tesi presentato si pone l’obiettivo di valutare la perfusione coronarica, a seguito di un intervento Valve-in-Valve (VIV), in un modello in vitro paziente specifico, considerato a rischio di ostruzione coronarica. In particolare, si analizza se la tecnica di riaccesso coronarico, effettuata durante l’operazione, sia stata necessaria, simulando VIV con una valvola aortica transcatetere (TAV) posizionata a diverse altezze di impianto e rotazioni delle commissure. Sulla base di immagini TC del paziente è stato realizzato un modello CAD di radice aortica, in grado di alloggiare la valvola aortica biologica chirurgica (SAVB) e la TAV impiantate nel paziente. Il modello stampato in 3D è stato collegato ad un circuito di circolazione sistemica e ad un simulatore di impedenza coronarica (CIS) per eseguire test fluidodinamici in condizioni pulsatili e analizzare i valori di caduta di pressione transvalvolare, volume di rigurgito, effective orifice area (EOA) e portata coronarica. Le valvole impiantate nel paziente, ed utilizzate in questo studio, sono: la SAVB TrifectaTM 19 e la TAV CoreValveTM EvolutTM R 23. La TAV è stata posizionata a +6 mm, +3 mm, 0 mm, -3 mm e -6 mm di distanza dalla posizione di impianto raccomandata dalle linee guida. Per ognuna delle quote, la TAV è stata rilasciata in modo che le sue commissure fossero, prima, allineate con le commissure della TrifectaTM, poi, ruotate di un angolo di 60°. Inoltre, con lo scopo di analizzare condizioni di test vicine alla realtà, alcune prove sono state eseguite utilizzando un fluido di lavoro di viscosità simile al sangue, composto da una miscela di acqua distillata e glicerolo. I risultati ottenuti mostrano che, nel caso del paziente in esame, l’occlusione coronarica non si verifica e la tecnica di riaccesso coronarico si sarebbe potuta evitare. Il protocollo utilizzato in questo studio può essere uno strumento utile per una valutazione e pianificazione preimpianto VIV in pazienti con geometria della radice aortica considerata a rischio di ostruzione coronarica.
Studio in vitro della perfusione coronarica dopo procedura Valve-in-Valve in un modello sperimentale paziente specifico
Casini, Arianna
2021/2022
Abstract
The aim of the presented thesis work is to evaluate coronary perfusion, following Valve-in-Valve (VIV) intervention, in a patient-specific in vitro model, considered to be at risk of coronary obstruction. In particular, it is analysed whether the coronary artery reaccess technique, performed during the operation, was necessary, simulating VIV with a transcatheter aortic valve (TAV) positioned at different implantation heights and commissure rotations. On the basis of CT images of the patient, a CAD model of the aortic root was realized to accommodate the surgical biological aortic valve (SAVB) and TAV implanted in the patient. The 3D-printed model was connected to a systemic circulation circuit and a coronary impedance simulator (CIS) to perform fluid-dynamic tests under pulsatile conditions and analyse transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitant volume, effective orifice area (EOA) and coronary flow rate values. The valves implanted in the patient, and used in this study, are the SAVB TrifectaTM 19 and the TAV CoreValveTM EvolutTM R 23. The TAV was positioned +6 mm, +3 mm, 0 mm, -3 mm and -6 mm from the guideline-recommended implant position. The TAV was released for each implant height so that its commissures, first, lined up with the TrifectaTM commissures and then, turned by a 60° angle. Furthermore, with the aim of analysing test conditions close to reality, some tests were performed using a working fluid of similar viscosity to blood, consisting of a mixture of distilled water and glycerol. The results obtained show that, in the case of the patient under investigation, coronary occlusion does not occur and the coronary reaccess technique could have been avoided. The protocol used in this study may be a useful tool for pre-implantation VIV assessment and planning in patients with aortic root geometry considered to be at risk of coronary obstruction.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2023_05_Casini_Tesi_01.pdf
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Descrizione: Elaborato tesi
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2023_05_Casini_Executive Summary_02.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive summary
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2.74 MB
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/202615