Reducing energy demand is one of the first steps towards decarbonising buildings. With this purpose, the quality of the building envelope plays a key role. The façade design must further guarantee comfort, indoor environmental quality and safety. The collaboration with LHIRR emphasized a poor monitoring of façade energy performances during the construction phase of tertiary buildings in France. Connections, between components and elements, are a persistent problem during the implementation. They are the main cause of performance degradation. This is due to the absence of an effective quality control process of the building envelope during all phases of the project. This thesis aims to respond to the company's need to fill this gap. Purposely, a practical methodology is developed which intends to be adaptable and applicable to different projects. It includes the process of evaluating performance criteria and a series of calculation tools to analyse them. The process is based on the decomposition of the building envelope into its components and elements. These are analysed on a reference scale, where the minimum is defined by national regulations and the maximum by the PassivHaus protocol. The decomposition allows measurable performance criteria to be assigned at different levels. Indicators at the interfaces are defined, i.e., the assessment of thermal bridges and air leaks. Furthermore, the organization into different levels facilitates continuous monitoring of energy performance from the early design stages to construction. The process is complemented by calculation tools that support the analysis of performance criteria. The tools focus on the main problem encountered in the research: interfaces. The study is based on three levels: the connections between components, the junctions between elements and the impact of the interfaces on the building as a whole. The calculation tools are produced using the LBNL THERM application and several computing engines through Grasshopper. This allows them to be flexible and adaptable to different projects and contexts. In addition, parameterisation consents faster analysis and subsequent performance verification. Correct interface design and implementation can reduce heating demand by approximately 50% compared to an average case.
La riduzione delle emissioni di CO2 e dei consumi d’energia sono le principali sfide che il settore edilizio deve affrontare. La decarbonizzazione degli edifici è in parte garantita da una continua diminuzione dei fabbisogni energetici. A tale scopo, la progettazione di un involucro edilizio qualitativo è fondamentale. Un insufficiente monitoraggio dei requisiti della facciata è stato constatato durante la collaborazione con LHIRR. L’oggetto di studio si incentra su gli edifici terziari in Francia. La principale difficoltà è stata appurata durante la fase di costruzione: le connessioni tra gli elementi sono la causa rilevante della degradazione delle prestazioni. La tesi ha l’obiettivo di proporre una metodologia pratica, adattabile e applicabile a diversi progetti. L’intento è di supportare il monitoraggio delle prestazioni dell’involucro edilizio, dalle prime fasi di progetto alla costruzione. La metodologia include il processo e gli strumenti d’analisi. Il processo si basa sulla decomposizione e sull’assemblaggio dell’involucro edilizio. Dei criteri misurabili di prestazione sono assegnati per ogni componente ed elemento. Quest’ultimo è analizzato su una scala di referenza, in cui il minimo è dettato da norme nazionali e il massimo dal protocollo PassivHaus. Inoltre, la decomposizione permette di attribuire gli indicatori al livello delle interfacce. I ponti termici e le perdite d’aria possono essere così valutati. Un continuo monitoraggio è garantito per verificare ogni criterio di prestazione. Gli strumenti di calcolo consentono di supportare l’analisi degli indicatori. Essi si focalizzano sul problema principale riscontrato nella ricerca: le interfacce. Queste ultime sono analizzate su tre livelli: componenti, elementi e involucro edilizio. Gli strumenti di calcolo sono prodotti grazie all’applicazione LBNL THERM e all’utilizzo di molteplici motori di calcolo mediante Grasshopper. La parametrizzazione consente di velocizzare l’analisi e di produrre degli strumenti flessibili e adattabili a diversi progetti e contesti. Una corretta progettazione e implementazione delle interfacce può ridurre i fabbisogni energetici di riscaldamento di circa il 50% rispetto ad un caso medio.
Building envelope commissioning for tertiary buildings in France: development of a practical methodology and tools to adress it from design to construction
Basalisco, Silvia
2022/2023
Abstract
Reducing energy demand is one of the first steps towards decarbonising buildings. With this purpose, the quality of the building envelope plays a key role. The façade design must further guarantee comfort, indoor environmental quality and safety. The collaboration with LHIRR emphasized a poor monitoring of façade energy performances during the construction phase of tertiary buildings in France. Connections, between components and elements, are a persistent problem during the implementation. They are the main cause of performance degradation. This is due to the absence of an effective quality control process of the building envelope during all phases of the project. This thesis aims to respond to the company's need to fill this gap. Purposely, a practical methodology is developed which intends to be adaptable and applicable to different projects. It includes the process of evaluating performance criteria and a series of calculation tools to analyse them. The process is based on the decomposition of the building envelope into its components and elements. These are analysed on a reference scale, where the minimum is defined by national regulations and the maximum by the PassivHaus protocol. The decomposition allows measurable performance criteria to be assigned at different levels. Indicators at the interfaces are defined, i.e., the assessment of thermal bridges and air leaks. Furthermore, the organization into different levels facilitates continuous monitoring of energy performance from the early design stages to construction. The process is complemented by calculation tools that support the analysis of performance criteria. The tools focus on the main problem encountered in the research: interfaces. The study is based on three levels: the connections between components, the junctions between elements and the impact of the interfaces on the building as a whole. The calculation tools are produced using the LBNL THERM application and several computing engines through Grasshopper. This allows them to be flexible and adaptable to different projects and contexts. In addition, parameterisation consents faster analysis and subsequent performance verification. Correct interface design and implementation can reduce heating demand by approximately 50% compared to an average case.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/203358