Currently, IoT devices and Industry 4.0 are increasingly looking for protocols that can meet the requirements of interoperability, flexibility and efficiency. The Open Platform Communication Unified Architecture (OPC UA) standard, , which guarantees all these characteristics, claims to be a point of reference for these sectors. The publish subscribe model recently introduced in OPC UA in part 14, also manages to extend these capabilities in scenarios that see a continuous increase of devices, sensors and controllers communicating with each other. After an excursus on the historical background and the characteristics of the standard mentioned above, this thesis will see the implementation of the broker-less model of OPC UA PubSub using UDP multicast as communication protocol in order to compare performances and behaviours with those obtained from a broker-based publish/subscribe model using MQTT. New features have also been added on the OPC UA side, such as QoS levels not foreseen by the standard, in order to be able to make a fair comparison between the two models. The results obtained in the final part instead show which of the proposed models would be more appropriate to use according to the environment considered, characterized by different parameters as the tests vary.
Attualmente, i dispositivi IoT e l’Industria 4.0 sono sempre più alla ricerca di protocolli in grado di soddisfare i requisiti di interoperabilità, flessibilità ed efficienza. Lo standard Open Platform Communication Unified Architecture (OPC UA), riuscendo a garantire tutte queste caratteristiche, riesce ad essere un punto di riferimento per questi settori. Il modello Publish/Subscribe, recentemente introdotto in OPC UA nella specifica numero 14, riesce anche ad estendere queste funzionalità in scenari che vedono un continuo aumento di dispositivi, sensori e controller che comunicano tra loro. Dopo un excursus storico e sulle caratteristiche principali dello standard sopra citato, questa tesi vedrà l’implementazione del modello broker-less di OPC UA PubSub che utilizza UDP multicast come protocollo di comunicazione, al fine di confrontare prestazioni e comportamenti con quelli ottenuti da un modello publish/subscribe broker-based che utilizza MQTT. Sono state inlotre aggiunte nuove funzionalità lato OPC UA, come i livelli di QoS, non previsti dallo standard, in modo da poter fare un confronto equo tra i due modelli. I risultati ottenuti nella parte finale mostrano invece quale dei modelli proposti sarebbe più opportuno utilizzare in funzione dell’ambiente considerato, caratterizzato da parametri che variano a seconda del test effettuato.
opc-ua pub/sub broker-less: implementation and comparison with mqtt
BONANNO, FABRIZIO
2021/2022
Abstract
Currently, IoT devices and Industry 4.0 are increasingly looking for protocols that can meet the requirements of interoperability, flexibility and efficiency. The Open Platform Communication Unified Architecture (OPC UA) standard, , which guarantees all these characteristics, claims to be a point of reference for these sectors. The publish subscribe model recently introduced in OPC UA in part 14, also manages to extend these capabilities in scenarios that see a continuous increase of devices, sensors and controllers communicating with each other. After an excursus on the historical background and the characteristics of the standard mentioned above, this thesis will see the implementation of the broker-less model of OPC UA PubSub using UDP multicast as communication protocol in order to compare performances and behaviours with those obtained from a broker-based publish/subscribe model using MQTT. New features have also been added on the OPC UA side, such as QoS levels not foreseen by the standard, in order to be able to make a fair comparison between the two models. The results obtained in the final part instead show which of the proposed models would be more appropriate to use according to the environment considered, characterized by different parameters as the tests vary.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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OPC_UA_PubSub_Broker_less_Implementation_and_Comparison_with_MQTT.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/204277