From a clinical point of view, the measurement of reaction time (RT) is used to assess the cognitive capability through execution of simple standard tests. In this study, a new method of measurement of the RT has been developed. In the existing literature, the reaction time and kinematics are analyzed separately. In this thesis work, a new method has been developed in order to integrate both the evaluation of reaction time and response motion in response to the visual stimulus. Two equipments are used: the WittySEM (Microgate ©) system, made by eight LEDs matrices emitting light-diodes stimuli and including proximity sensors, and an optoelectronic system (SMART – BTS Bionengineering) with six infrared cameras. The reaction time is measured as the time needed by the subject to turn off the target approaching it with the hand. Utilizing markers positioned on anatomical points of the subject, the response motion is evaluated with respect to the stimulus and, in particular, through the 3D coordinates of markers on hands, the reaction time is calculated considering the instant in which the target is turned off, being the moment when the hand reaches the minimum distance from the target. The developed method foresees the execution of different tasks, each made by 10 stimuli: (1) Simple Reaction Time (SRT) task has one LED target turning on, it is separately executed with the right and the left arm; (2) Recognition Reaction Time (RRT) task is executed with the arm prefered to turn off the LED target considering also the presence of distractors, which can be of different colors (RRT_col) or different symbols, in this specific case, a letter (RRT_let). To validate the developed method, evaluation of accuracy, reproducibility and repeatability of measures have been applied. The applicability of the method is led on 10 healthy subjects and then on a pathologic group (with Autistic Spectrum Disorder and Down Syndrome). In line with expectations, the results have shown that the reaction time increases at an increasing level of difficulty of the task; the reaction time of pathologic people are higher than the reaction time of healthy subjects; healthy people have not a pre-dominant laterality, differently from the pathologic, indeed the response motion of the healthy is faster than the pathologic people. The following study has shown that the developed method allows to recognize the deficits in the motor planning creating new possibilities of clinical applications. Thus, leaving the floor to other studies could be executed in the future.
La misurazione del tempo di reazione (RT) in ambito clinico è generalmente impiegata per valutare capacità cognitive attraverso l'esecuzione di test standard semplici. In questo studio è stato sviluppato un nuovo metodo di misurazione del RT. Attualmente negli studi presenti in letteratura, i tempi di reazione e la cinematica sono analizzati separatamente. In questo lavoro di tesi, si è sviluppato un nuovo metodo che integra la valutazione dei tempi di reazione e della risposta motoria in risposta ad uno stimolo visivo. Sono state utilizzate due strumentazioni: il sistema WittySEM (Micrograte©) composto da otto matrici di LED che emettono stimoli luminosi e dotate di sensori di prossimità e un sistema optoelettronico a sei camere ad infrarossi (SMART – BTS Bioengineering). Il tempo di reazione è misurato come il tempo impiegato dal soggetto per spegnere i LED target avvicinando la mano al sensore. Utilizzando marcatori posizionati su punti anatomici del soggetto viene valutata la risposta motoria associata allo stimolo ed in particolare mediante le coordinate 3D dei marker sulle mani, i tempi di reazione sono calcolati considerando lo spegnimento come istante in cui la mano raggiunge la distanza minima dal target. Il metodo sviluppato prevede l’esecuzione di differenti task da 10 stimoli ciascuna: (1) Simple Reaction Time (SRT) task in cui si accende solo il target, da svolgere separatamente con arto destro e poi sinistro; (2) Recognition Reaction Time (RRT) task da eseguire con l’arto che si preferisce, in cui oltre al target si accendono dei distrattori. Questi possono essere di colore diverso dal target (RRT_col) oppure di simbolo diverso, nel caso specifico una lettera dell’alfabeto (RRT_let). Al fine di validare il protocollo sviluppato, sono state eseguite valutazioni relative all’accuratezza, riproducibilità e ripetibilità delle misure. L’applicabilità del metodo è stata testata su un gruppo di 10 soggetti sani e successivamente su un gruppo di patologici (con Disturbo dello Spettro dell’Autismo e Sindrome di Down). I risultati delle prove svolte, come atteso, hanno mostrato che: i tempi di reazione aumentano all’aumentare della difficoltà della prova; i tempi di reazione dei soggetti patologici sono più lunghi dei tempi di reazione dei soggetti sani; i soggetti sani, a differenza dei patologici, non hanno una lateralità predominante; la risposta motoria dei sani, oltre ad essere più veloce, segue strategie diverse da quelle dei patologici. Il presente studio ha mostrato che il protocollo sviluppato è adatto alla rilevazione dei disturbi della programmazione motoria aprendo così la strada a possibili applicazioni cliniche. In tal senso ulteriori studi di approfondimento dovranno essere effettuati.
definition of a new protocol for the integrated evaluation of kinematics and reaction time during dual-tasks
LOPRESIDE, ANTONIA
2021/2022
Abstract
From a clinical point of view, the measurement of reaction time (RT) is used to assess the cognitive capability through execution of simple standard tests. In this study, a new method of measurement of the RT has been developed. In the existing literature, the reaction time and kinematics are analyzed separately. In this thesis work, a new method has been developed in order to integrate both the evaluation of reaction time and response motion in response to the visual stimulus. Two equipments are used: the WittySEM (Microgate ©) system, made by eight LEDs matrices emitting light-diodes stimuli and including proximity sensors, and an optoelectronic system (SMART – BTS Bionengineering) with six infrared cameras. The reaction time is measured as the time needed by the subject to turn off the target approaching it with the hand. Utilizing markers positioned on anatomical points of the subject, the response motion is evaluated with respect to the stimulus and, in particular, through the 3D coordinates of markers on hands, the reaction time is calculated considering the instant in which the target is turned off, being the moment when the hand reaches the minimum distance from the target. The developed method foresees the execution of different tasks, each made by 10 stimuli: (1) Simple Reaction Time (SRT) task has one LED target turning on, it is separately executed with the right and the left arm; (2) Recognition Reaction Time (RRT) task is executed with the arm prefered to turn off the LED target considering also the presence of distractors, which can be of different colors (RRT_col) or different symbols, in this specific case, a letter (RRT_let). To validate the developed method, evaluation of accuracy, reproducibility and repeatability of measures have been applied. The applicability of the method is led on 10 healthy subjects and then on a pathologic group (with Autistic Spectrum Disorder and Down Syndrome). In line with expectations, the results have shown that the reaction time increases at an increasing level of difficulty of the task; the reaction time of pathologic people are higher than the reaction time of healthy subjects; healthy people have not a pre-dominant laterality, differently from the pathologic, indeed the response motion of the healthy is faster than the pathologic people. The following study has shown that the developed method allows to recognize the deficits in the motor planning creating new possibilities of clinical applications. Thus, leaving the floor to other studies could be executed in the future.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/204317