Starting from ancient origins and developing into increasingly structured forms, investments that consider environmental, social and governance (ESG) dimensions are under the spotlight. Companies’ ESG performances are factors more and more considered by different actors, such as consumers, employees, investors, authorities and regulators. The level of a company’s ESG commitment is shown to stakeholder by the firm itself though the non-financial disclosure (NFD) and by external rating providers, through dedicated ESG ratings. However, concerns are still many and mainly linked to the sources actors rely on: the discretionary way of pursuing the ESG disclosure, with a possible consequence of greenwashing, and the divergency of the available ESG ratings. The objective of this study is to contribute to the existing literature about the level and type of information provided by the non-financial disclosures (NFDs). In order to answer the research question, after a literature review about the topic, sustainability reports published by companies needed to be analyzed. To achieve this result, NFDs drafted by Italian listed companies belonging to the FTSE MIB index were used to extract non-financial information, especially about three areas: stakeholders engaged, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) impacted and material aspects considered. Then, the huge amount of collected data was categorized and possibly adjusted according to their final use. From the results, it emerged that the current level of information has a high level of detail in certain issues, such as human resources and climate change; while others are still considered material more in a rough way. Then, it seems that firms still perceive non-financial information as something to be kept apart from the financial one.¬ Lastly, sometimes it arose a misalignment among the different areas of the study: a demonstrated strong concern about a specific aspect, stakeholder or SDG does not always reflect proportionate attention in the other two areas; this highlighted a lack of a coherent overall view.
Partendo da origini antiche ed evolvendosi in forme sempre più strutturate, gli investimenti che considerano aspetti ambientali, sociali e di governance (ESG) sono sempre più sotto i riflettori. Le performance ESG delle aziende sono sempre più prese in considerazione da diversi attori, come i consumatori, le risorse umane, gli investitori, le autorità e gli enti regolatori. Gli stakeholder valutano le performance ESG delle aziende attraverso la dichiarazione non finanziaria (DNF), fornita dalle aziende stesse, o attraverso i rating ESG, generati da diversi rating provider. I problemi sono ancora molti e soprattutto riguardano proprio le fonti a cui fanno riferimento i diversi attori: la discrezionalità con cui viene redatta la DNF, e i relativi problemi di greenwashing, e la divergenza dei vari rating ESG disponibili. L’obiettivo che si pone questa tesi è quello di contribuire alla già esistente letteratura riguardo al livello e al tipo di informazione che viene fornita attraverso le dichiarazioni non finanziarie. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, dopo uno studio dello stato dell’arte sull’argomento, è stato necessario leggere diversi report di sostenibilità. In particolare, è stato usato come campione l’insieme delle 40 aziende appartenenti all’indice di Borsa Italiana FTSE MIB di cui sono stati scaricate e lette le DNF. In particolare, il focus è stato su tre aree: gli stakeholder coinvolti, i Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) impattati e i temi materiali considerati. Una volta raccolta una grande mole di dati, essi sono stati categorizzati e sistemati in base al loro utilizzo finale. Dai risultati è emerso che l’attuale livello di informazione è caratterizzato da un alto livello di dettaglio per quanto riguarda certi aspetti, come quelli delle risorse umane e del climate change; altri aspetti invece sono ancora considerati materiali in modo più generico. Inoltre, sembra che le aziende percepiscano le informazione di carattere non finanziario in modo non integrato a quelle di tipo finanziario. Infine, in alcuni casi è emersa una scarsa coerenza tra le tre diverse aree di studio: un forte interesse dimostrato per un aspetto specifico, uno stakeholder o un SDG non sempre riflette una attenzione proporzionata in una delle altre due aree, e questo evidenzia una mancata visione d’insieme.
Non-financial information in the FTSE MIB: state of art and perspectives
SERINO, CHIARA
2021/2022
Abstract
Starting from ancient origins and developing into increasingly structured forms, investments that consider environmental, social and governance (ESG) dimensions are under the spotlight. Companies’ ESG performances are factors more and more considered by different actors, such as consumers, employees, investors, authorities and regulators. The level of a company’s ESG commitment is shown to stakeholder by the firm itself though the non-financial disclosure (NFD) and by external rating providers, through dedicated ESG ratings. However, concerns are still many and mainly linked to the sources actors rely on: the discretionary way of pursuing the ESG disclosure, with a possible consequence of greenwashing, and the divergency of the available ESG ratings. The objective of this study is to contribute to the existing literature about the level and type of information provided by the non-financial disclosures (NFDs). In order to answer the research question, after a literature review about the topic, sustainability reports published by companies needed to be analyzed. To achieve this result, NFDs drafted by Italian listed companies belonging to the FTSE MIB index were used to extract non-financial information, especially about three areas: stakeholders engaged, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) impacted and material aspects considered. Then, the huge amount of collected data was categorized and possibly adjusted according to their final use. From the results, it emerged that the current level of information has a high level of detail in certain issues, such as human resources and climate change; while others are still considered material more in a rough way. Then, it seems that firms still perceive non-financial information as something to be kept apart from the financial one.¬ Lastly, sometimes it arose a misalignment among the different areas of the study: a demonstrated strong concern about a specific aspect, stakeholder or SDG does not always reflect proportionate attention in the other two areas; this highlighted a lack of a coherent overall view.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Dissertation_Serino.pdf
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Descrizione: Thesis
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7.04 MB
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Executive_Summary_Serino.pdf
Open Access dal 18/04/2024
Descrizione: Executive Summary
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379.81 kB
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379.81 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/204455