The year 2023 marks the 50th anniversary of the construction of the Montparnasse Tower - part of a larger urban renovation called Opération Maine-Montparnasse - located between the 14th and 15th arrondissements of Paris. The project was one of the most important within the historical context of the city since Haussmann's time, and the Tower was at the time of its construction the tallest in Europe, holding this record until 1990. The case study symbolises the culmination of what are referred to as Les Trente Glorieuses, years between 1945 and 1975, when France experienced its greatest socio-economic development, particularly under the presidency of General de Gaulle and that of Georges Pompidou. Rarely were builders, politicians and architects/urbanists so active and united in a common will to transform the city as during the 1960s. Since the drafting of the Plan d'Urbanisme Directeur in 1959, Paris has in fact experienced a period considered to be one of reconquest, through a spectacular metamorphosis of its history and image. The Tower of Montparnasse is therefore the place chosen to articulate not only a series of considerations on urban transformations in the French capital, but also on the idea of contemporary architecture in a deep-rooted historical urban context such as that of the city of Paris. The harsh criticism that its realisation provoked, accused of having irreparably ruined the Parisian panorama and its urban perspectives and of having challenged a sort of architectural sanctity by rising so high, even led to the assertion that "the most beautiful view of Paris can be had from its summit, because it is the only point where you cannot see it". Of the urban intervention of Maine-Montparnasse, and in particular of the Tower, we therefore want to research what were the historical, political, economic and bureaucratic premises related to it, reflecting in particular on the idea of construction and architecture in the city in the name of modernity or mere profit. In addition, the thoughts, reflections, critiques and controversies - both before and after its realisation - by architects, town planners, intellectuals and the citizens themselves are exposed through extensive bibliographic material. That same citizenship and criticism that earned the Tower of Montparnasse the nickname - still used today - of mal aimée, a term that can be translated as 'unloved', 'unpopular', 'disowned'.
L’anno 2023 segna il cinquantesimo anniversario della costruzione della Torre di Montparnasse - parte di un più ampio rinnovamento urbano denominato Opération Maine-Montparnasse - situata tra il XIV e XV arrondissement di Parigi. L’intervento fu uno dei più importanti all’interno del tessuto storico della città dall’epoca di Haussmann, e la Torre fu al momento della sua costruzione la più alta d’Europa, mantenendo tale primato fino al 1990. Il caso studio simboleggia il culmine di quelle che sono definite Les Trente Glorieuses, anni tra il 1945 e 1975, in cui la Francia conobbe il suo maggiore sviluppo socio-economico, in particolare sotto la presidenza del generale de Gaulle e di quella di Georges Pompidou. Raramente infatti costruttori, politici e architetti/urbanisti furono tanto attivi e uniti in una comune volontà di trasformare la città come nel corso degli anni Sessanta. Fin dalla redazione del Plan d’Urbanisme Directeur del 1959, Parigi vive infatti un periodo considerato di riconquista, attraverso una spettacolare metamorfosi della propria storia e immagine. La Torre di Montparnasse è quindi il luogo scelto per articolare non solo una serie di considerazioni sulle trasformazioni urbane nella capitale francese, ma anche sull’idea di architettura contemporanea in un radicato contesto storico urbano come quello della città di Parigi. Le dure critiche che suscitò la sua realizzazione, accusata di aver irrimediabilmente rovinato il panorama parigino e le sue prospettive urbane e di aver sfidato una sorta di sacralità architettonica elevandosi così tanto in altezza, portarono ad affermare addirittura che “la più bella vista di Parigi la si può avere dalla sua sommità, poichè è l’unico punto in cui non la si vede”. Dell’intervento urbano di Maine-Montparnasse, e in particolare della Torre, si vogliono perciò ricercare quali furono le premesse storiche, politiche, economiche e burocratiche ad essa riferita, riflettendo in particolar modo sull’idea di costruzione e di architettura nella città in nome della sola modernità o del mero profitto. Inoltre, attraverso un approfondito materiale bibliografico si espongono i pensieri, le riflessioni, le critiche e le controversie - sia precedenti che successivi alla sua realizzazione - da parte di architetti, urbanisti, intellettuali e dei cittadini stessi. Quella stessa cittadinanza e quella critica che ha fatto guadagnare alla Torre di Montparnasse l’appellativo - tutt’ora usato - di mal aimée, termina traducibile con “non amata”, “impopolare”, “rinnegata”.
La Riconquista di Parigi. 1958-1973. La Torre di Montparnasse, la mal aimée
Balestrieri, Maria Antonietta
2021/2022
Abstract
The year 2023 marks the 50th anniversary of the construction of the Montparnasse Tower - part of a larger urban renovation called Opération Maine-Montparnasse - located between the 14th and 15th arrondissements of Paris. The project was one of the most important within the historical context of the city since Haussmann's time, and the Tower was at the time of its construction the tallest in Europe, holding this record until 1990. The case study symbolises the culmination of what are referred to as Les Trente Glorieuses, years between 1945 and 1975, when France experienced its greatest socio-economic development, particularly under the presidency of General de Gaulle and that of Georges Pompidou. Rarely were builders, politicians and architects/urbanists so active and united in a common will to transform the city as during the 1960s. Since the drafting of the Plan d'Urbanisme Directeur in 1959, Paris has in fact experienced a period considered to be one of reconquest, through a spectacular metamorphosis of its history and image. The Tower of Montparnasse is therefore the place chosen to articulate not only a series of considerations on urban transformations in the French capital, but also on the idea of contemporary architecture in a deep-rooted historical urban context such as that of the city of Paris. The harsh criticism that its realisation provoked, accused of having irreparably ruined the Parisian panorama and its urban perspectives and of having challenged a sort of architectural sanctity by rising so high, even led to the assertion that "the most beautiful view of Paris can be had from its summit, because it is the only point where you cannot see it". Of the urban intervention of Maine-Montparnasse, and in particular of the Tower, we therefore want to research what were the historical, political, economic and bureaucratic premises related to it, reflecting in particular on the idea of construction and architecture in the city in the name of modernity or mere profit. In addition, the thoughts, reflections, critiques and controversies - both before and after its realisation - by architects, town planners, intellectuals and the citizens themselves are exposed through extensive bibliographic material. That same citizenship and criticism that earned the Tower of Montparnasse the nickname - still used today - of mal aimée, a term that can be translated as 'unloved', 'unpopular', 'disowned'.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/204504