In recent years, advancements in medical research have led to the discovery of numerous molecules able to exert their therapeutic effects at the cellular level, acting on the main causes of diseases. However, to effectively use these molecules, it is necessary to develop vectors capable of transporting them in vivo and ensuring their cellular internalization without degradation. Different vectors have been development in the last decades, among these, cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) have been of increasing interest in the fields of gene therapy and pharmaceutical delivery. In particular, CPPs containing nine arginine units have been found to be particularly effective in cellular internalization due to the presence of guanidinium group. However, the use of CPPs is affected by their poor bioavailability and their susceptibility to enzymatic degradation in physiological environments. To overcome these limitations, peptidomimetics have been developed, since they can mimic the biological action of peptides confering greater stability to the system. The aim of this study is to develop a new arginine-based peptidomimetic, in which the peptide bond is replaced by a trifluoroethylamine function, in order to exploit the fluorine element for improving cellular internalization and for potential detection via fluorine magnetic resonance imaging. Subsequently, the new peptidomimetic is used to synthesize different polypeptide chains, which are analyzed in terms of size, internalization effectiveness, cargo complexation, and cellular transfection, paving the way for numerous studies to optimize vectors for pharmacological and gene therapy.
Negli ultimi anni, i progressi in campo medico hanno portato alla scoperta di numerose molecole in grado di esercitare il proprio effetto terapeutico a livello cellulare, andando ad agire sulla causa piuttosto che sugli effetti di una malattia. Tuttavia, per utilizzare efficacemente tali molecole, è necessario sviluppare vettori capaci di trasportarle in vivo ed assicurare la loro internalizzazione cellulare senza che queste vengano degradate. Diverse tipologie di vettori sono state sviluppate negli anni, tra queste, i peptidi penetranti nella cellula (CPP) sono stati oggetto di crescente interesse nel campo della terapia genica e farmaceutica. In particolare, i CPP contenenti nove unità di arginina sono risultati particolarmente efficaci nell’internalizzazione cellulare grazie alla presenza del gruppo guanidinico. Tuttavia, l’utilizzo di CPP presenta alcuni limiti, come la loro scarsa biodisponibilità ed il fatto che siano soggetti a degradazione enzimatica in ambiente fisiologico. Al fine di superare questi limiti, sono stati sviluppati i peptidomimetici che sono in grado di imitare l’azione biologica dei peptidi conferendo maggiore stabilità al sistema. Questo lavoro si propone di sviluppare un nuovo peptidomimetico a base di arginina, in cui il legame peptidico viene sostituito dall’unità trifluoroetilamminica al fine di sfruttare l’elemento fluoro per migliorare l’internalizzazione cellulare e sviluppare un potenziale tracer individuabile tramite risonanza magnatica al fluoro. Successivamente, il nuovo peptidomimetico viene utilizzato per sintetizzare diverse catene polipeptidiche, che vengono analizzate in termini di dimensioni, efficacia di internalizzazione, complessazione con il cargo e trasfezione cellulare aprendo la strada a numerosi studi per l’ottimizzazione di vettori per la terapia farmacologica e genica.
Synthesis of fluorinated nanostructured peptides for biomedical applications
MARANESI, ALESSIA
2022/2023
Abstract
In recent years, advancements in medical research have led to the discovery of numerous molecules able to exert their therapeutic effects at the cellular level, acting on the main causes of diseases. However, to effectively use these molecules, it is necessary to develop vectors capable of transporting them in vivo and ensuring their cellular internalization without degradation. Different vectors have been development in the last decades, among these, cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) have been of increasing interest in the fields of gene therapy and pharmaceutical delivery. In particular, CPPs containing nine arginine units have been found to be particularly effective in cellular internalization due to the presence of guanidinium group. However, the use of CPPs is affected by their poor bioavailability and their susceptibility to enzymatic degradation in physiological environments. To overcome these limitations, peptidomimetics have been developed, since they can mimic the biological action of peptides confering greater stability to the system. The aim of this study is to develop a new arginine-based peptidomimetic, in which the peptide bond is replaced by a trifluoroethylamine function, in order to exploit the fluorine element for improving cellular internalization and for potential detection via fluorine magnetic resonance imaging. Subsequently, the new peptidomimetic is used to synthesize different polypeptide chains, which are analyzed in terms of size, internalization effectiveness, cargo complexation, and cellular transfection, paving the way for numerous studies to optimize vectors for pharmacological and gene therapy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2022_05_Maranesi_Tesi_01.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/204553