The primary aim of this thesis is to study and design an innovative calibrator specifically for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems. With their ability to measure the complex backscatter of the illuminated scene, SAR images provide valuable data for a wide range of commercial and scientific applications, as in the case of images captured by Sentinel-1A sensor, for which the calibrator object of the thesis was designed. For this reason, an accurate radiometric calibration of the SAR system used is essential in order to translate a series of digital numbers into meaningful scientific quantities. Calibration is typically performed by exploiting dedicated calibrators – active or passive – that provide a well-known and characterized response when illuminated by the SAR system. Considering mostly passive calibrators, corner reflectors are typically used as point targets, for their characteristics of lower cost with respect to active calibrators, easy manufacturing and pointing and finally their relatively high radar cross-section. However, corner reflectors may become significantly large so that their usage may become unpractical: the goals for this innovative calibrator, that was designed and made of a set of dihedral corner reflectors, is first to provide the same performance as classical corner reflectors but with much lower encumbrance (with several deployment advantages), and moreover to be simply re-configurable for a specific SAR sensor.
Lo scopo principale di questa tesi è la caratterizzazione, con conseguente progetto, di un calibratore innovativo per sistemi Radar ad Apertura Sintetica (SAR). Le immagini SAR forniscono dati preziosi per un'ampia gamma di applicazioni commerciali e scientifiche, come nel caso di Sentinel-1A, sensore per il quale è stato progettato il calibratore oggetto della tesi. Per questo un'accurata calibrazione radiometrica del sistema SAR utilizzato è essenziale per tradurre una serie di valori numerici in quantità scientifiche significative. La calibrazione viene tipicamente eseguita sfruttando calibratori dedicati - attivi o passivi - che forniscono una risposta ben nota e caratterizzata quando illuminati dal sistema SAR. Considerando per lo più calibratori passivi, i riflettori angolari sono tipicamente utilizzati come bersagli puntiformi per le loro caratteristiche di minor costo rispetto ai calibratori attivi, facilità di fabbricazione e puntamento e, soprattutto, la loro radar cross section relativamente elevata rispetto agi vantaggi elencati. Tuttavia, i riflettori angolari possono diventare notevolmente grandi e il loro utilizzo può diventare poco pratico: gli obiettivi principali del calibratore oggetto della tesi, che è stato progettato e poi fisicamente realizzato con un set di diedri in alluminio, è innanzittutto fornire le stesse prestazioni dei riflettori angolari classici ma con ingombro minore (con numerosi vantaggi di implementazione), e, in secondo luogo, essere riconfigurabile in modo semplice per uno specifico sensore SAR, simile o diverso per caratteristiche rispetto a quello del progetto originale.
Design and experimental validation of innovative calibrator for SAR images
Miscio, Maria
2022/2023
Abstract
The primary aim of this thesis is to study and design an innovative calibrator specifically for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems. With their ability to measure the complex backscatter of the illuminated scene, SAR images provide valuable data for a wide range of commercial and scientific applications, as in the case of images captured by Sentinel-1A sensor, for which the calibrator object of the thesis was designed. For this reason, an accurate radiometric calibration of the SAR system used is essential in order to translate a series of digital numbers into meaningful scientific quantities. Calibration is typically performed by exploiting dedicated calibrators – active or passive – that provide a well-known and characterized response when illuminated by the SAR system. Considering mostly passive calibrators, corner reflectors are typically used as point targets, for their characteristics of lower cost with respect to active calibrators, easy manufacturing and pointing and finally their relatively high radar cross-section. However, corner reflectors may become significantly large so that their usage may become unpractical: the goals for this innovative calibrator, that was designed and made of a set of dihedral corner reflectors, is first to provide the same performance as classical corner reflectors but with much lower encumbrance (with several deployment advantages), and moreover to be simply re-configurable for a specific SAR sensor.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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MISCIO_thesis.pdf
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Descrizione: MasterThesis
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MISCIO_executive-summary.pdf
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Descrizione: ExecutiveSummary
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21.34 MB
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21.34 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/204562