Background: While trying to introduce Computational Fluid Dynamics alongside rhinomanometry for a better clinical evaluation, a big discrepancy was discovered between the respective measures of nasal resistance. The objective of this master thesis is to search for the cause of this disagreement and to build an experimental background for future simulations. Methodology: Using a silicon model of the nasal cavities and a device capable of simulating human respiration using two bellows, measurements at constant flow rate are carried out. The measurements of the 4Rhino rhinomanometer are compared with high precision lab measurements and with measurements without the instrument attached. Furthermore, an analytical model is derived in order to better analyze the fluid dynamic behavior of the nose. Results: 4Rhino deviates from the laboratory measurements by -18% for the air flow rate, -10% for the pressure difference and, consequently, about -10% for the nasal resistance. Measurements with the instrument attached are comparable with the ones without it only if the pressure difference between closed nostril and mask is considered. Measuring the pressure difference between closed nostril and filter, as 4Rhino does, leads to an error between 37.5% and 125% of the measurement in the in vivo case. The analytical model shows excellent compatibility with the experimental data, and it is possible to simulate the global behavior of the system with good accuracy. Conclusions: 4Rhino shows discrepancies compatible with its measurement uncertainties. The pressure difference is however wrongly measured between closed nostril and filter instead of closed nostril and mask, this is why it is not representative of the real nasal resistance. The experimental coefficients acquired from the data fitting allow to describe the nose’s behavior and constitute a potentially better alternative than the Effective Resistance for objectively evaluating nasal resistance.
Background: Nel tentativo di affiancare l’analisi CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) alla diagnostica rinomanometrica è emersa in letteratura una grande discrepanza tra i valori di resistenza nasale calcolati da questi due metodi. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è di indagare le cause di tale disaccordo attraverso delle misure in vitro dell’apparato respiratorio e fornire una base sperimentale per future simulazioni. Metodologia: Usando un modello in silicone delle cavità nasali e un apparecchio in grado di simulare la respirazione attraverso la movimentazione di due soffietti, si effettuano delle prove a portata costante, comparando le misure del rinomanometro 4Rhino con le misure effettuate con strumenti di laboratorio ad alta precisione e con le misure senza strumento diagnostico applicato. Viene sviluppato, inoltre, un modello teorico per meglio analizzare il comportamento fluidodinamico del naso. Risultati: Il 4Rhino si discosta dalle misure di laboratorio del -18% per la portata d’aria, del -10% per la differenza di pressione e, conseguentemente, del -10% circa per la resistenza. Le misure con l’apparato diagnostico coincidono con le misure in cui il naso è direttamente esposto all’ambiente solo se viene considerata la differenza di pressione tra narice chiusa e maschera, ma non se viene considerata la differenza di pressione tra narice chiusa e filtro, come nel caso del 4Rhino, comportando errori compresi tra il 37.5% e il 125% della misura per il caso in vivo. Il modello teorico dimostra ottima compatibilità con i dati sperimentali ed è possibile simulare con accuratezza il comportamento globale del sistema. Conclusioni: Il 4Rhino presenta scostamenti nella misura compatibili con le incertezze dello strumento. La differenza di pressione viene tuttavia misurata erroneamente tra narice chiusa e filtro, invece che tra narice chiusa e maschera, e non è quindi rappresentativa della reale resistenza nasale. I coefficienti sperimentali ricavati dal fitting dei dati consentono di descrivere adeguatamente il comportamento del naso e costituiscono un’alternativa potenzialmente migliore della Effective Resistance per la valutazione oggettiva della resistenza nasale.
Rinomanometria : uno studio teorico-sperimentale
TESA, GUIDO GUGLIELMO
2021/2022
Abstract
Background: While trying to introduce Computational Fluid Dynamics alongside rhinomanometry for a better clinical evaluation, a big discrepancy was discovered between the respective measures of nasal resistance. The objective of this master thesis is to search for the cause of this disagreement and to build an experimental background for future simulations. Methodology: Using a silicon model of the nasal cavities and a device capable of simulating human respiration using two bellows, measurements at constant flow rate are carried out. The measurements of the 4Rhino rhinomanometer are compared with high precision lab measurements and with measurements without the instrument attached. Furthermore, an analytical model is derived in order to better analyze the fluid dynamic behavior of the nose. Results: 4Rhino deviates from the laboratory measurements by -18% for the air flow rate, -10% for the pressure difference and, consequently, about -10% for the nasal resistance. Measurements with the instrument attached are comparable with the ones without it only if the pressure difference between closed nostril and mask is considered. Measuring the pressure difference between closed nostril and filter, as 4Rhino does, leads to an error between 37.5% and 125% of the measurement in the in vivo case. The analytical model shows excellent compatibility with the experimental data, and it is possible to simulate the global behavior of the system with good accuracy. Conclusions: 4Rhino shows discrepancies compatible with its measurement uncertainties. The pressure difference is however wrongly measured between closed nostril and filter instead of closed nostril and mask, this is why it is not representative of the real nasal resistance. The experimental coefficients acquired from the data fitting allow to describe the nose’s behavior and constitute a potentially better alternative than the Effective Resistance for objectively evaluating nasal resistance.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/205304