Whenever an individual is exposed to the vision of an event occurring incorrectly, a neuron-level response called the evoked error potential (ErrP) is stimulated. Its waveform is characterized by a negative spike (Ne) followed by a positive spike (Pe). A second negative peak associated with expectation is then present. Several studies in the literature show that ErrP can be influenced by various factors including the nature of the stimulus used as well as the emotional and cognitive state of the subject. In this research, ErrP was stimulated using a protocol with a 20% probability of attending error. These responses were compared with those obtained with the same protocol, but with a 50% probability of error, to assess the surprise effect on the realization of the ErrP. In addition, the variability of the response with respect to the levels of attention sustained during the trial was assessed for the acquired data. The latter can be quantitatively assessed through EEG signals by frequency analysis. The results showed that presenting the error as a rare event stimulates more the realization of the ErrP and also its classification into error or non-error event. In addition, sustaining higher levels of attention during the test also stimulates the realization of the ErrP more. This greater stimulation in both cases is reflected in terms of greater amplitude of the Ne peak and the second negative peak and in greater activity in delta and theta bands.
Ogni volta che un individuo è esposto alla visione di un evento che si verifica in modo errato, viene stimolata una risposta a livello neuronale chiamata potenziale d'errore evocato (ErrP). La sua forma d’onda è caratterizzata da un picco negativo (Ne) seguito da un picco positivo (Pe). È presente poi un secondo picco negativo associato all’aspettativa. Diversi studi in letteratura dimostrano che l'ErrP può essere influenzato da vari fattori tra cui la natura dello stimolo utilizzato, nonché lo stato emotivo e cognitivo del soggetto. In questa ricerca, l'ErrP è stato stimolato utilizzando un protocollo con una probabilità del 20% di assistere all’errore. Queste risposte sono state confrontate con quelli ottenuti con lo stesso protocollo, ma con una probabilità del 50% di errore, per valutare l’effetto sorpresa sulla realizzazione dell’ErrP. Inoltre per i dati acquisiti è stata valutata la variabilità della risposta rispetto ai livelli di attenzione sostenuti durante la prova. Questi ultimi possono essere valutati quantitativamente attraverso i segnali EEG tramite analisi in frequenza. Dai risultati è emerso che presentare l’errore come evento raro stimoli maggiormente la realizzazione dell’ErrP e anche la sua classificazione in evento di errore o di non errore. Inoltre anche sostenere maggiori livelli di attenzione durante la prova stimola maggiormente la realizzazione dell’ErrP. Questa maggiore stimolazione in entrambi i casi si riflette in termini di maggiore ampiezza del picco Ne e del secondo picco negativo e in maggiori attività in bande delta e theta.
Modulation of error potential through state of attention and level of surprise
CELENTA, DONATELLA
2022/2023
Abstract
Whenever an individual is exposed to the vision of an event occurring incorrectly, a neuron-level response called the evoked error potential (ErrP) is stimulated. Its waveform is characterized by a negative spike (Ne) followed by a positive spike (Pe). A second negative peak associated with expectation is then present. Several studies in the literature show that ErrP can be influenced by various factors including the nature of the stimulus used as well as the emotional and cognitive state of the subject. In this research, ErrP was stimulated using a protocol with a 20% probability of attending error. These responses were compared with those obtained with the same protocol, but with a 50% probability of error, to assess the surprise effect on the realization of the ErrP. In addition, the variability of the response with respect to the levels of attention sustained during the trial was assessed for the acquired data. The latter can be quantitatively assessed through EEG signals by frequency analysis. The results showed that presenting the error as a rare event stimulates more the realization of the ErrP and also its classification into error or non-error event. In addition, sustaining higher levels of attention during the test also stimulates the realization of the ErrP more. This greater stimulation in both cases is reflected in terms of greater amplitude of the Ne peak and the second negative peak and in greater activity in delta and theta bands.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2023_07_Celenta_Tesi_01.pdf
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2023_07_Celenta_Executive Summary_02.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/207201