Digital mapping of the territory and its related phenomena has become a fundamental requirement in order to keep track of the alterations in the surveyed environment. By analysing the surface morphology of the Earth, it is possible to reconstruct the processes that shaped our Planet. In this framework, representing the area under investigation through Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) makes it possible to simulate the events and therefore strategically plan the territory, allowing for detecting and localizing ancient and new instabilities on them. The high resolution and accuracy of a DTM are crucial in the field of hydrogeological risk, for example when referring to the extraction of geomorphological and hydrological data to understand the behaviour of the territory in an exhaustive way. However, where dense vegetation prevails or in not-easy-to-access areas, the production of high resolution DTM is not an easy task. Therefore, among all the different technologies, the research is centred on Mobile Mapping Systems (MMSs) based on SLAM algorithm, thanks to their usability where satellite coverage is not available. The possibility to use MMSs in challenging environments that cannot be surveyed with other instrumentation makes them crucial for the production of high resolution models. The main vulnerability of this kind of devices lies in the achievable accuracy. Numerous tests to improve the accuracy of such systems are carried out, both taking advantage of sensors already integrated in the systems and complementary instrumentation. Finally, the research focuses on the integration of point clouds acquired by means of several instruments to model changes occurred in the environmental heritage. This results in the integration of multi-scale local surveys, each one characterized by specific properties. The case study identified in the Italian-Swiss Interreg project A.M.AL.PI.18, of which this research is part, is intended to be a concrete example of synergic integration of different competences in the surveying and knowledge of the territory. By combining expertise coming from several sectors, a complete analysis of the territory is conducted, allowing appropriate land management strategies to be developed that can be implemented in similar scenarios.
La mappatura digitale del territorio e dei fenomeni ad esso collegati è diventata un'esigenza fondamentale per tenere traccia delle alterazioni dell'ambiente rilevato. Analizzando la morfologia superficiale della Terra, è possibile ricostruire i processi che hanno modellato il nostro Pianeta. In questo quadro, la rappresentazione dell'area indagata attraverso i Modelli Digitali del Terreno (DTM) consente di simulare gli eventi e quindi di pianificare strategicamente il territorio, permettendo di individuare e localizzare antichi e nuovi dissesti su di esso. L'alta risoluzione e l'accuratezza di un DTM sono fondamentali nel campo del rischio idrogeologico, ad esempio quando si fa riferimento all'estrazione di dati geomorfologici e idrologici per comprendere in modo esaustivo il comportamento del territorio. Tuttavia, dove prevale una fitta vegetazione o in aree di non facile accesso, la produzione di DTM ad alta risoluzione non è un compito facile. Per questo motivo, tra le diverse tecnologie, la ricerca è incentrata sui sistemi di mappatura mobile (MMS) basati sull'algoritmo SLAM, grazie al loro utilizzo dove non è disponibile la copertura satellitare. La possibilità di utilizzare gli MMS in ambienti difficili che non possono essere rilevati con altre strumentazioni li rende fondamentali per la produzione di modelli ad alta risoluzione. La principale vulnerabilità di questo tipo di dispositivi risiede nell'accuratezza raggiungibile. Vengono condotti numerosi test per migliorare l'accuratezza di tali sistemi, sia sfruttando i sensori già integrati nei sistemi che la strumentazione complementare. Infine, la ricerca si concentra sull'integrazione di nuvole di punti acquisite per mezzo di diversi strumenti per modellare i cambiamenti avvenuti nel patrimonio ambientale. Ciò si traduce nell'integrazione di rilievi locali multiscala, ciascuno caratterizzato da specifiche proprietà. Il caso di studio individuato nel progetto Interreg Italia-Svizzera A.M.AL.PI.18, di cui questa ricerca fa parte, vuole essere un esempio concreto di integrazione sinergica di diverse competenze nel rilievo e nella conoscenza del territorio. Combinando competenze provenienti da diversi settori, viene condotta un'analisi completa del territorio, che consente di sviluppare strategie di gestione del territorio adeguate e attuabili in scenari simili.
Digitalization and modeling of risk areas at the border territory. Understanding the past to save the future
MAROTTA, FEDERICA
2022/2023
Abstract
Digital mapping of the territory and its related phenomena has become a fundamental requirement in order to keep track of the alterations in the surveyed environment. By analysing the surface morphology of the Earth, it is possible to reconstruct the processes that shaped our Planet. In this framework, representing the area under investigation through Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) makes it possible to simulate the events and therefore strategically plan the territory, allowing for detecting and localizing ancient and new instabilities on them. The high resolution and accuracy of a DTM are crucial in the field of hydrogeological risk, for example when referring to the extraction of geomorphological and hydrological data to understand the behaviour of the territory in an exhaustive way. However, where dense vegetation prevails or in not-easy-to-access areas, the production of high resolution DTM is not an easy task. Therefore, among all the different technologies, the research is centred on Mobile Mapping Systems (MMSs) based on SLAM algorithm, thanks to their usability where satellite coverage is not available. The possibility to use MMSs in challenging environments that cannot be surveyed with other instrumentation makes them crucial for the production of high resolution models. The main vulnerability of this kind of devices lies in the achievable accuracy. Numerous tests to improve the accuracy of such systems are carried out, both taking advantage of sensors already integrated in the systems and complementary instrumentation. Finally, the research focuses on the integration of point clouds acquired by means of several instruments to model changes occurred in the environmental heritage. This results in the integration of multi-scale local surveys, each one characterized by specific properties. The case study identified in the Italian-Swiss Interreg project A.M.AL.PI.18, of which this research is part, is intended to be a concrete example of synergic integration of different competences in the surveying and knowledge of the territory. By combining expertise coming from several sectors, a complete analysis of the territory is conducted, allowing appropriate land management strategies to be developed that can be implemented in similar scenarios.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/207599