This study aims to assess the impact of foreign direct investments (FDI) on carbon emissions in the Latin American region (LATAM). Despite the potential positive effects of FDI on economic growth, such as improved technological progress, broader access to global markets, and higher tax revenues, it has been empirically demonstrated that FDI can also harm the recipient country. Environmental exploitation and damage and mistreatment of workers are clear examples of this. Previous studies have investigated the relationship between incoming FDI, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, and emissions in the region, demonstrating the existence of a phenomenon known as the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). This theory suggests that the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution follows an inverted U-shaped curve. Of particular interest was the study by Sapkota P., "Foreign direct investment, income, and environmental pollution in developing countries: Panel data analysis of Latin America" published in 2015 in the journal "Energy Policy". The aim of my work was to verify the current validity of the findings identified in LATAM in 2015. The model constructed uses a panel data, in which FDI and carbon dioxide equivalent emissions have been disaggregated by macro-sector. This breakdown was carried out to better understand the root causes of pollution. The results of this study suggest, once again, that the correlation between emissions and FDI follows the EKC model, confirming the results of the previous study. Subsequently, the thesis explored the reasons why implementing short-term improvements is difficult in the geographical region analyzed, finding as main causes a poor effectiveness and efficiency of government policies, lacking effective control systems for green policies. The verification and implementation of environmental policies will certainly be the interest and challenge of the coming years.
Questo lavoro si propone di valutare l'impatto degli investimenti diretti esteri (FDI) sulle emissioni di carbonio nella regione dell'America Latina (LATAM). Nonostante i potenziali effetti positivi degli FDI sulla crescita economica, come per esempio il migliore progresso tecnologico, il più ampio accesso al mercato globale ed le più grandi entrate fiscali, è stato empiricamente dimostrato che gli FDI possono anche nuocere il paese che li riceve. Lo sfruttamento e il danneggiamento ambientale e il sopruso verso i lavoratori sono chiari esempi di ciò che precedentemente menzionato. Precedenti studi hanno approfondito la relazione tra gli FDI in ingresso, Prodotto Interno Lordo (PIL) pro capite ed emissioni nella regione dimostrando l'esistenza di un fenomeno noto come curva di Kuznets ambientale (EKC).Tale teoria suggerisce che la relazione tra crescita economica e inquinamento ambientale segue una curva a forma di U invertita. E' stato di particolare interesse lo studio dell' elaborato di Sapkota P. , "Foreign direct investment, income, and environmental pollution in developing countries: Panel data analysis of Latin America" pubblicato nel 2015 nella rivista "Energy Policy". Il lavoro da me proposto ha avuto come fine verificare l'attualità veridicità dei ritrovamenti riscontrati in LATAM nel 2015. Il modello costruito utilizza un panel data, nel quale sono stati scomposti gli FDI e le emissioni di anidride carbonica equivalente per macrosettore. Tale disaggregazione è stata eseguita per meglio comprendere le cause ab origine dell'inquinamento. I risultati di questo studio suggeriscono, ancora una volta, che la correlazione tra le emissioni e gli FDI seguono ancora il modello EKC, confermando i risultati del precedente studio. In seguito, il lavoro di tesi ha esplorato le motivazioni per le quali l'implementazione di miglioramenti a breve termine sia difficile nella regione geografica analizzata, trovando come principali cause una scarsa efficacia ed efficienza delle politiche governative, prive di sistemi di controllo efficaci delle politiche green, la verifica e l'attuazione delle politiche ambientali sicuramente sarà l'interesse e la sfida dei prossimi anni.
Environmental impact of FDI. An empirical analysis on Latin American countries in the period 2000-2019
TRICASE, ALESSIO
2021/2022
Abstract
This study aims to assess the impact of foreign direct investments (FDI) on carbon emissions in the Latin American region (LATAM). Despite the potential positive effects of FDI on economic growth, such as improved technological progress, broader access to global markets, and higher tax revenues, it has been empirically demonstrated that FDI can also harm the recipient country. Environmental exploitation and damage and mistreatment of workers are clear examples of this. Previous studies have investigated the relationship between incoming FDI, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, and emissions in the region, demonstrating the existence of a phenomenon known as the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). This theory suggests that the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution follows an inverted U-shaped curve. Of particular interest was the study by Sapkota P., "Foreign direct investment, income, and environmental pollution in developing countries: Panel data analysis of Latin America" published in 2015 in the journal "Energy Policy". The aim of my work was to verify the current validity of the findings identified in LATAM in 2015. The model constructed uses a panel data, in which FDI and carbon dioxide equivalent emissions have been disaggregated by macro-sector. This breakdown was carried out to better understand the root causes of pollution. The results of this study suggest, once again, that the correlation between emissions and FDI follows the EKC model, confirming the results of the previous study. Subsequently, the thesis explored the reasons why implementing short-term improvements is difficult in the geographical region analyzed, finding as main causes a poor effectiveness and efficiency of government policies, lacking effective control systems for green policies. The verification and implementation of environmental policies will certainly be the interest and challenge of the coming years.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/208842