Electricity production from renewable energy sources (RES) has increased significantly and is expected to further grow to address issues related to climate change and energy security. Among all the technologies adopted to exploit RES, the two developing most dynamically and probably the most promising are photovoltaic and wind power generators. One of the main challenges of these technologies appears to be the aleatory nature of the source and the non-programmability of production. The challenges posed by the growth of electricity production from intermittent RES can be mitigated through the adoption of energy storage systems. Despite the proven benefits, these are still emerging technologies with a rather limited use in Italy. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse, from a technological, normative, and economic point of view, several aspects related to the integration in wind and photovoltaic plants of two storage methods whose diffusion is spreading quickly: electrochemical energy storage and green hydrogen production. The intention is to highlight the complexity of the current situation in this field especially from the point of view of cost-effectiveness, to understand the necessary regulatory requirements and, in particular, the incentives needed to allow a massive, widespread and efficient adoption of storage systems integrated with renewable energy power plants in Italy. To provide practical examples, the study is conducted with direct reference to projects under development by the company 3R Energia S.r.l. Two case studies were selected for this purpose. The first is a photovoltaic plant to which it was decided to couple a hybrid storage system consisting of an electrochemical storage part and an apparatus for the production of green hydrogen. The second case study is instead a stand-alone storage system to be installed in the vicinity of several large onshore wind farms that the company is developing.
La produzione di elettricità da fonti di energia rinnovabile (FER) è notevolmente aumentata e si prevede un ulteriore incremento per far fronte alle problematiche connesse al cambiamento climatico e alla sicurezza energetica. Tra le tecnologie adottate per sfruttare le FER, le due in più rapida espansione e verosimilmente le più promettenti sono certamente i generatori fotovoltaici ed eolici. Una delle principali criticità di tali tecnologie risulta essere l’aleatorietà della fonte e la non programmabilità della produzione. Le sfide presentate dall'aumento della produzione di energia elettrica da FER intermittenti possono essere ridotte attraverso l'adozione di sistemi di accumulo dell'energia. Nonostante i comprovati benefici, si tratta ancora di tecnologie emergenti con un utilizzo piuttosto limitato in Italia. La presente tesi si pone come principale obbiettivo quello di analizzare dal punto di vista tecnologico, normativo ed economico diversi aspetti legati all’integrazione in impianti eolici e fotovoltaici di due metodi di stoccaggio la cui diffusione è in rapida crescita: accumulo elettrochimico e produzione di idrogeno verde. L'intento è quello di evidenziare la complessità della situazione attuale in questo campo soprattutto dal punto di vista del rapporto costi-benefici, di comprendere i requisiti normativi necessari e, in particolare, gli incentivi necessari per consentire un'adozione massiccia, diffusa ed efficiente dei sistemi di accumulo integrati con le centrali elettriche a fonti rinnovabili in Italia. Per fornire esempi pratici, lo studio è condotto con riferimento diretto a progetti in corso di sviluppo da parte della società 3R Energia S.r.l. A tal fine sono stati selezionati due casi studio. Il primo è un impianto fotovoltaico a cui si è deciso di accoppiare un sistema di accumulo ibrido costituito da una parte di accumulo elettrochimico e da un apparato per la produzione di idrogeno verde. Il secondo caso di studio è invece un sistema di accumulo stand-alone da installare in prossimità di alcuni grandi parchi eolici onshore che l'azienda sta sviluppando.
Coupling energy storage systems with renewables power plants: an overview from the industry perspective
Landi, Luca
2022/2023
Abstract
Electricity production from renewable energy sources (RES) has increased significantly and is expected to further grow to address issues related to climate change and energy security. Among all the technologies adopted to exploit RES, the two developing most dynamically and probably the most promising are photovoltaic and wind power generators. One of the main challenges of these technologies appears to be the aleatory nature of the source and the non-programmability of production. The challenges posed by the growth of electricity production from intermittent RES can be mitigated through the adoption of energy storage systems. Despite the proven benefits, these are still emerging technologies with a rather limited use in Italy. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse, from a technological, normative, and economic point of view, several aspects related to the integration in wind and photovoltaic plants of two storage methods whose diffusion is spreading quickly: electrochemical energy storage and green hydrogen production. The intention is to highlight the complexity of the current situation in this field especially from the point of view of cost-effectiveness, to understand the necessary regulatory requirements and, in particular, the incentives needed to allow a massive, widespread and efficient adoption of storage systems integrated with renewable energy power plants in Italy. To provide practical examples, the study is conducted with direct reference to projects under development by the company 3R Energia S.r.l. Two case studies were selected for this purpose. The first is a photovoltaic plant to which it was decided to couple a hybrid storage system consisting of an electrochemical storage part and an apparatus for the production of green hydrogen. The second case study is instead a stand-alone storage system to be installed in the vicinity of several large onshore wind farms that the company is developing.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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10-2023 Landi.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/210385