Combining wastewater treatment and algal cultures is increasingly proving to be a winning strategy, from an environmental, economic, and technological point of view, especially if the exploitation of algal biomass used and generated by the process is included in the whole system. In this work, a focus on microalgae, their properties and the advantages brought by their implementation in wastewater treatment are explained and analysed, throughout literature review, theoretical concepts, and an LCA application. Among the different existing possibilities for algal biomass recovery and valorisation, biostimulants production is a practice that is gradually gaining success; therefore, the concept of biostimulants is deepened assessing their benefits, in particular in the agricultural sector, both through research and through LCA studies, although the latter still, to date, very scarce in the scientific panorama. The LCA performed in this work focuses on the analysis of a wastewater plant coupled with the algal cultivation in a raceway pond, extending the system to include the biomass recovery, and the evaluation of the overall environmental footprint, also to compare it with the one of a conventional wastewater treatment, i.e., without algal integration. Different scenarios are considered, each of them representative of a specific approach for the algal biomass valorisation: direct use in agriculture, incineration and energy generation, use in cement plant, and biostimulants production. The results of the LCA classify the cement production scenario as the more environmentally convenient, while the incineration scenario as the lesser one. According to the normalisation and weighting, the agriculture scenario allows a reduction of the impacts of 32% with respect to the incineration one, the cement production scenario a reduction of the impacts of 34% with respect to the incineration scenario, and the biostimulant production scenario a reduction of 32%, always with respect to the incineration one. Three sensitivity analyses are performed to evaluate the influence of variation in plant current configuration and to consider different approaches to manage the modelling of the benefits arising from biostimulants application in agriculture. These analyses highlighted the crucial role of the biomass valorisation to work on the environmental performance of the entire system. Unfortunately, since the biostimulants production is at an early stage of development, no standard methods exist and very few information and data are available. However, this study wants to show the positive trend and the advantages that could derive from such valorisation technology, paving the way for further studies and research.
L’integrazione delle culture algali nei sistemi di depurazione delle acque sta sempre di più dimostrandosi una strategia vincente, dal punto di vista ambientale, economico e tecnologico, soprattutto se nel sistema è incluso anche lo sfruttamento e la valorizzazione della biomassa algale che viene usata, e generata, dal processo. In questo lavoro, tramite una revisione della letteratura esistente, aspetti teorici e lo svolgimento di uno studio di LCA, vengono innanzitutto spiegate ed analizzate le proprietà e i vantaggi risultanti dall’uso delle microalghe nella depurazione delle acque reflue. Tra tutte le diverse possibilità esistenti per il recupero e la valorizzazione della biomassa algale, la produzione di biostimolanti è una pratica cha sta avendo sempre più successo, pertanto il concetto di biostimolanti viene approfondito, così come i loro benefici, in particolare nel campo agricolo, analizzandoli sia tramite ricerche sia tramite studi di tipo LCA, sebbene questi ultimi, ad oggi, ancora rari. L’analisi LCA condotta in questo lavoro si concentra su un impianto di trattamento delle acque reflue abbinato a un bacino aperto di coltivazione algale. Il sistema è esteso in modo tale da comprendere il recupero della biomassa algale, e così permettere la valutazione dell’impronta ambientale complessiva e confrontare tale sistema con uno convenzionale di depurazione delle acque reflue, ovvero senza integrazione con un bacino algale. Sono stati costruiti e considerati diversi scenari, ciascuno dei quali rappresentativo di un approccio di valorizzazione della biomassa: uso diretto in agricoltura, incenerimento con recupero energetico, utilizzo in cementificio e produzione di biostimolanti. I risultati dell’LCA classificano lo scenario relativo all’uso della biomassa in cementificio, previa essiccatura, come quello più conveniente dal punto di vista ambientale, mentre lo scenario relativo all’incenerimento come il meno conveniente. In accordo con la normalizzazione e pesatura, lo scenario relativo all’uso diretto in agricoltura permette una riduzione degli impatti rispetto a quello relativo all’incenerimento del 32%, lo scenario riguardante la produzione di cemento una riduzione degli impatti rispetto all’incenerimento del 34% e quello relativo alla produzione dei biostimolanti una riduzione del 32%, sempre rispetto lo scenario relativo all’incenerimento. Infine, sono state svolte tre analisi di sensitività per valutare l’influenza di modifiche nella attuale configurazione di impianto e per considerare diversi approcci con cui modellizzare i benefici provenienti dall’applicazione dei biostimolanti in agricoltura. Queste mettono in luce il ruolo cruciale del recupero della biomassa per lavorare sulle prestazioni ambientali dell’intero sistema. Sfortunatamente, siccome la produzione di biostimolanti è ancora ad uno stadio precoce di sviluppo, non esiste un metodo standard e sono disponibili poche informazioni. Tuttavia, questo studio mira ad evidenziare gli aspetti positivi, i punti di forza e i vantaggi che potrebbero derivare da tale tecnologia di valorizzazione, aprendo dunque la strada a studi e ricerche ulteriori.
Valorisation of algal biomass from the wastewater treatment process: an LCA analysis
CRIPPA, IRENE
2022/2023
Abstract
Combining wastewater treatment and algal cultures is increasingly proving to be a winning strategy, from an environmental, economic, and technological point of view, especially if the exploitation of algal biomass used and generated by the process is included in the whole system. In this work, a focus on microalgae, their properties and the advantages brought by their implementation in wastewater treatment are explained and analysed, throughout literature review, theoretical concepts, and an LCA application. Among the different existing possibilities for algal biomass recovery and valorisation, biostimulants production is a practice that is gradually gaining success; therefore, the concept of biostimulants is deepened assessing their benefits, in particular in the agricultural sector, both through research and through LCA studies, although the latter still, to date, very scarce in the scientific panorama. The LCA performed in this work focuses on the analysis of a wastewater plant coupled with the algal cultivation in a raceway pond, extending the system to include the biomass recovery, and the evaluation of the overall environmental footprint, also to compare it with the one of a conventional wastewater treatment, i.e., without algal integration. Different scenarios are considered, each of them representative of a specific approach for the algal biomass valorisation: direct use in agriculture, incineration and energy generation, use in cement plant, and biostimulants production. The results of the LCA classify the cement production scenario as the more environmentally convenient, while the incineration scenario as the lesser one. According to the normalisation and weighting, the agriculture scenario allows a reduction of the impacts of 32% with respect to the incineration one, the cement production scenario a reduction of the impacts of 34% with respect to the incineration scenario, and the biostimulant production scenario a reduction of 32%, always with respect to the incineration one. Three sensitivity analyses are performed to evaluate the influence of variation in plant current configuration and to consider different approaches to manage the modelling of the benefits arising from biostimulants application in agriculture. These analyses highlighted the crucial role of the biomass valorisation to work on the environmental performance of the entire system. Unfortunately, since the biostimulants production is at an early stage of development, no standard methods exist and very few information and data are available. However, this study wants to show the positive trend and the advantages that could derive from such valorisation technology, paving the way for further studies and research.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Tesi_Laurea_magistrale_Crippa_Irene_10570217.pdf
solo utenti autorizzati a partire dal 19/09/2026
Dimensione
3.3 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
3.3 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/210454