This research paper has the objective of studying the three main steps which compose a part of the overall path of procurement: qualification, selection, and vendor rating.; in particular, there is the willingness of comparing theoretical and real “modus operandi”, in order to spot similarities and differences among them. After a deep analysis of the existing knowledge in the chapter entitled “Literature review” in which the main theoretical models for qualification and vendor rating are modelized, in the following one called “Methodologies” the main tool exploited for extracting the knowledge coming from real environments is well explained: interviews have been conducted to CPOs operating in different markets and in companies with substantial differences in terms of dimensions. With the data coming from the transcription of those interviews, a with-in case analysis and a cross-case analysis have been carried out to extract the fundamental knowledge about real-life cases, trying to spot new trends and information. Those are the outcomes of the chapters “Results&Findings” and “Discussion”, where respectively the results are first shown and then discussed keeping in mind the real purpose of the research: four main clusters have been found during this analysis, and they have been used to structure and read data. Trends for tools used in qualifications are highlighted basing on companies’ dimensions and their referring market, also confirming the usage of the main models found in literature. For what concerns selection, this research underlines the loose of importance of price, which is no more the main driver. Concluding with vendor rating, its strategic importance is spotted, and the KPI used are differentiated using the same clusters previously mentioned. With a theoretical contribution of confirming the usage of the literature models in real environments, highlighting the main methodologies used for the three phases, identifying the main clusters for a better analysis and giving credit to the topic of sustainability in supply chain, this research also has managerial outcomes: giving importance to vendor rating and qualification is key, but it must be contextualized basing on the referring cluster in which their company can be recognized. Moreover, this thesis has the goal of giving other important outcomes for managers from an operational point of view; conducting qualification and vendor rating is time and resources’ consuming: this is why, in case of a huge supply base, a Pareto analysis on the suppliers related to the strategic purchasing category is a compromise used in real environments. Lastly, in selection phase the key importance of a combination among price, quality and delivery time is highlighted by literature and the case-based analysis, giving to managers a further thesis supporting the importance of those three variables. Surely this thesis has some limitations which can conduct to future research: it is qualitative and not quantitative, it considered companies born in Italy (even if some of them acts in other countries’ markets), its focus is more linked to sustainability rather than innovation and it does not focus on the way selection variables are weighted and considered during this phase. This thesis has then the importance of comparing theoretical models with real life cases, giving credit and credibility to what has been said in literature. This research is then important from an academic point of view because it sustains what is said in literature, also spotting differences among theory and practice. From a manager’s perspective, the thesis is useful to present the main models, giving examples about how to implement them and how to move in the complex field of procurement.
Questa ricerca ha l’obiettivo di studiare le tre fasi principali che compongono una parte del globale processo di acquisto: qualifica, selezione e vendor rating; in particolare, c’è la volontà di comparare “modus operandi” teorici e reali per poter trovare somiglianze e differenze tra di loro. Dopo una dettagliata analisi della conoscenza preesistente nel capitolo intitolato “Literature Review”, in cui i principali modelli teorici per la qualifica e il vendor rating sono modellizzati, in quello successivo chiamato “Methodologies” il principale strumento adoperato per estrarre la conoscenza proveniente da ambienti reali è spiegato: interviste son state portate avanti a dei CPOs operanti in diversi mercati ed in compagnie con sostanziali differenze in fatto di dimensioni. Con i dati provenienti dalle trascrizioni di tali interviste, un’analisi caso-per-caso e un’analisi incrociata son state condotte per estrarre la conoscenza fondamentale dai casi reali, provando ad individuare nuove tendenze e informazioni. Questi sono gli esiti dei capitoli “Results&Findings” e “Discussion”, in cui rispettivamente i risultati son prima mostrati e poi discussi tenendo a mente il vero scopo della ricerca: quattro macro-gruppi sono stati trovati durante l’analisi, e sono stati utilizzati per strutturare e leggere i dati. Tendenze per gli strumenti utilizzati nella qualifica sono evidenziati basandosi sulle dimensioni delle compagnie e i mercati di riferimento, confermando inoltre l’utilizzo dei modelli principali della letteratura. Per quanto riguarda la selezione, questa ricerca sottolinea la perdita di importanza del prezzo, che non è più il driver principale. Concludendo con il vendor rating, è evidenziata l a sua importanza strategica, e i KPI utilizzati sono differenziati basandosi sui gruppi precedentemente menzionati. Con un contributo teorico di conferma dell’utilizzo dei modelli della letteratura in contesti reali, sottolineando le principali metodologie utilizzate nelle tre fasi, identificando i gruppi di studio per un’analisi migliore e dando credito al concetto di sostenibilità nella catena di fornitura, questa ricerca ha anche risultati manageriali: dare importanza al vendor rating e alla qualifica è chiave, ma devono essere contestualizzati basandosi sul gruppo all’interno del quale la loro compagnia si può identificare. Inoltre, questa tesi ha l’obiettivo di dare spunti ai manager da un punto di vista operativo; condurre la qualifica e il vendor rating consuma tempi e risorse: ecco perché, in casi di vaste basi di fornitura, un’analisi di Pareto per i fornitori relativi a categorie di acquisto strategiche è un compromesso utilizzato in contesti reali. Per ultimo, nella fase di selezione è sottolineata l’importanza di combinare prezzo, qualità e tempi di consegna tramite la letteratura e l’analisi condotta, dando ai manager un’ulteriore tesi a support dell’importanza di queste tre variabili. Sicuramente questi tesi ha delle limitazioni che possono condurre a future ricerche: è qualitativa e non quantitativa, considera compagnie nate in Italia (anche se alcune agiscono in mercati di altre nazioni), si concentra più sulla sostenibilità e meno sull’innovazione e non si addentra nello studiare a fondo il modo in cui vengono dati i pesi alle variabili di selezione. Questa tesi ha dunque l’importanza di comparare modelli teorici e casi reali, dando credito e credibilità a quanto scoperto in letteratura. Questa ricerca è dunque importante da un punto di vista accademico perché dà supporto a quanto scoperto in letteratura, andando però a ricercare differenza tra teoria e pratica. Da una prospettiva manageriale, questa tesi è utile per presentare loro i modelli principali, dando esempi su come implementarli e su come muoversi in generale nel vasto, complesso e decisamente stimolante mondo degli acquisti.
Qualification process, selection and vendor rating: a case-based analysis
Leone, Alessandro
2022/2023
Abstract
This research paper has the objective of studying the three main steps which compose a part of the overall path of procurement: qualification, selection, and vendor rating.; in particular, there is the willingness of comparing theoretical and real “modus operandi”, in order to spot similarities and differences among them. After a deep analysis of the existing knowledge in the chapter entitled “Literature review” in which the main theoretical models for qualification and vendor rating are modelized, in the following one called “Methodologies” the main tool exploited for extracting the knowledge coming from real environments is well explained: interviews have been conducted to CPOs operating in different markets and in companies with substantial differences in terms of dimensions. With the data coming from the transcription of those interviews, a with-in case analysis and a cross-case analysis have been carried out to extract the fundamental knowledge about real-life cases, trying to spot new trends and information. Those are the outcomes of the chapters “Results&Findings” and “Discussion”, where respectively the results are first shown and then discussed keeping in mind the real purpose of the research: four main clusters have been found during this analysis, and they have been used to structure and read data. Trends for tools used in qualifications are highlighted basing on companies’ dimensions and their referring market, also confirming the usage of the main models found in literature. For what concerns selection, this research underlines the loose of importance of price, which is no more the main driver. Concluding with vendor rating, its strategic importance is spotted, and the KPI used are differentiated using the same clusters previously mentioned. With a theoretical contribution of confirming the usage of the literature models in real environments, highlighting the main methodologies used for the three phases, identifying the main clusters for a better analysis and giving credit to the topic of sustainability in supply chain, this research also has managerial outcomes: giving importance to vendor rating and qualification is key, but it must be contextualized basing on the referring cluster in which their company can be recognized. Moreover, this thesis has the goal of giving other important outcomes for managers from an operational point of view; conducting qualification and vendor rating is time and resources’ consuming: this is why, in case of a huge supply base, a Pareto analysis on the suppliers related to the strategic purchasing category is a compromise used in real environments. Lastly, in selection phase the key importance of a combination among price, quality and delivery time is highlighted by literature and the case-based analysis, giving to managers a further thesis supporting the importance of those three variables. Surely this thesis has some limitations which can conduct to future research: it is qualitative and not quantitative, it considered companies born in Italy (even if some of them acts in other countries’ markets), its focus is more linked to sustainability rather than innovation and it does not focus on the way selection variables are weighted and considered during this phase. This thesis has then the importance of comparing theoretical models with real life cases, giving credit and credibility to what has been said in literature. This research is then important from an academic point of view because it sustains what is said in literature, also spotting differences among theory and practice. From a manager’s perspective, the thesis is useful to present the main models, giving examples about how to implement them and how to move in the complex field of procurement.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/210455