Climate change effects are already evident today but, in the future, if any action won’t be undertaken, they will become much more negatively impacting. The present work thesis analyses and quantifies the future effects of global warming on hydropower production, that today is still the most relevant source within the renewable energies. The territory considered is Alto Adige, an Italian alpine area. The analyses use CMCC (a European centre for the study of climate change in Mediterraneum area) climate projections data, considering two scenarios: Rcp45 and Rcp85. The accuracy of climate provisions is assessed through a comparison with observed measures from meteorological stations (years 2006-2021), which reveals the tendency of CMCC data to overestimate precipitation and underestimate temperature. Then, CMCC future provisions of temperature and precipitation are fed to an hydrological model whose outputs are snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow covered area (SCA). Temperature, precipitation, SWE and SCA future data have been averaged in groups of years (2006-2021, 2022-2050, 2051-2075 and 2076-2100) and compared to the baseline (1979-2005). It turns out an increase of mean and maximum temperatures all over Bolzano province, a slight decrease of total annual precipitation and a reduction of mean annual SWE and SCA. Moreover, these changes won’t be uniform along the months but there will be significant percentual variations between winter and summer. The increase of temperature and the reduction of precipitation will impact also on hydropower, with a significant decrease (around -20% in a conservative scenario, and over -30% in a more pessimistic one) of the future production and a different distribution during the months.
Gli effetti del cambiamento climatico sono evidenti già oggi ma nel futuro, se non verrà intrapresa alcuna azione di contrasto, diventeranno molto più negativamente impattanti. Il presente lavoro di tesi analizza e quantifica gli effetti futuri del riscaldamento globale in relazione in particolare alla produzione idroelettrica, che ad oggi è ancora la fonte più rilevante tra le sorgenti di produzione di energia rinnovabile. Il territorio considerato è l’Alto Adige, un’area alpina dell’Italia settentrionale. Le analisi utilizzano le proiezioni climatiche del CMCC (Centro euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici) considerando due scenari: Rcp45 e Rcp85. L’accuratezza delle previsioni climatiche è valutata attraverso una comparazione con le misure osservate (anni 2006-2021) provenienti da alcune stazioni meteorologiche dell’Alto Adige; da qui emerge la tendenza dei dati CMCC a sovrastimare le precipitazioni e sottostimare fortemente le temperature. Le proiezioni future di temperatura e precipitazioni fungono da input per un modello idrologico i cui risultati sono lo snow water equivalent (SWE) e la percentuale di area coperta da neve (SCA). Le proiezioni future di temperatura, precipitazione, SWE e SCA sono state mediate e raggruppate per anni (2006-2021, 2022-2050, 2051-2075 e 2076-2100), e poi confrontate con la baseline (1979-2005). È emerso un incremento delle temperature medie e massime in tutta la provincia di Bolzano, una leggera diminuzione della precipitazione annua totale e una riduzione dell’SWE e SCA annuale. Inoltre, queste modifiche non sono uniformi lungo i mesi ma vi sono variazioni percentuali significative tra inverno ed estate. Infine, l’aumento delle temperature e la riduzione delle precipitazioni impatteranno anche sull’idroelettrico, con una riduzione significativa della produzione futura (-20% in uno scenario più conservativo e oltre -30% in uno più pessimistico) e una distribuzione differente lungo i mesi.
Climate change and its impact on hydropower production : the case study of Alto Adige
Provani, Paolo
2022/2023
Abstract
Climate change effects are already evident today but, in the future, if any action won’t be undertaken, they will become much more negatively impacting. The present work thesis analyses and quantifies the future effects of global warming on hydropower production, that today is still the most relevant source within the renewable energies. The territory considered is Alto Adige, an Italian alpine area. The analyses use CMCC (a European centre for the study of climate change in Mediterraneum area) climate projections data, considering two scenarios: Rcp45 and Rcp85. The accuracy of climate provisions is assessed through a comparison with observed measures from meteorological stations (years 2006-2021), which reveals the tendency of CMCC data to overestimate precipitation and underestimate temperature. Then, CMCC future provisions of temperature and precipitation are fed to an hydrological model whose outputs are snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow covered area (SCA). Temperature, precipitation, SWE and SCA future data have been averaged in groups of years (2006-2021, 2022-2050, 2051-2075 and 2076-2100) and compared to the baseline (1979-2005). It turns out an increase of mean and maximum temperatures all over Bolzano province, a slight decrease of total annual precipitation and a reduction of mean annual SWE and SCA. Moreover, these changes won’t be uniform along the months but there will be significant percentual variations between winter and summer. The increase of temperature and the reduction of precipitation will impact also on hydropower, with a significant decrease (around -20% in a conservative scenario, and over -30% in a more pessimistic one) of the future production and a different distribution during the months.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/210559