In last years, the combination among the fast-growth of housing prices, the stagnating wages and the increase in mortgage lending rates, increased European number of people who are not able to access to housing market in order to buy (or rent) an adequate house. Social Housing sector represents a solution that can reduce the European demand of affordable dwellings supply. As a result, European Commission is increasing the investments addressed to development programs of Social Housing dwellings through new buildings and retrofitting of existing buildings. These European programs related to Social Housing estate will be based on three drivers that became critical after COVID-19 pandemic: energy efficiency, environmental and social sustainability. This thesis focus on measurement of social performances in the Social Housing estate at building level because social sustainability represents the less conceptualized driver in the academic literature among three drivers that have been identified above, both at conceptual and measurement level. In the built environment, the sustainability of buildings is assessed by specific tools, called Green Building Rating Systems (GBRSs), such as BREEAM, LEED, VERDE or Level(s). Among the three pillars of sustainability (environmental, economic and social) in the building sector, social sustainability is assessed by GBRSs taking in account different metrics and assessment methodologies. For this reason, the present work aims at developing of a methodology that can define a common measurement system of social performances at building level in the European context with a focus on Social Housing sector. The methodology has been developed through a first analysis of social metrics used within European GBRSs, ISO/EN standards related to social sustainability in the construction sector, and some proposals of academic frameworks related to assessment of social sustainability in the residential sector. Consequently, the social metrics that have been identified previously have been clustered in order to get a smaller number of metrics. The result of this thesis has been the creation of a methodology of 27 metrics that represent a further step of harmonization process of social metrics at building level in the European context, with focus on Social Housing sector.
Negli ultimi anni, la combinazione tra la rapida crescita dei prezzi degli alloggi, la stagnazione dei salari e l'aumento dei tassi di prestito ipotecario ha aumentato il numero di persone in Europa che non sono in grado di accedere al mercato immobiliare per acquistare (o affittare) una casa adeguata. Il settore dell'edilizia sociale rappresenta una soluzione in grado di ridurre la domanda europea di abitazioni a prezzi accessibili. Di conseguenza, la Commissione europea sta aumentando gli investimenti destinati ai programmi di sviluppo di alloggi sociali attraverso nuove costruzioni e la riqualificazione degli edifici esistenti. Questi programmi europei relativi agli alloggi sociali si baseranno su tre fattori che sono diventati critici dopo la pandemia COVID-19: efficienza energetica, sostenibilità ambientale e sociale. Questa tesi si concentra sulla misurazione delle prestazioni sociali nel settore dell'edilizia residenziale sociale a livello di edificio, perché la sostenibilità sociale rappresenta il fattore meno concettualizzato nella letteratura accademica tra i tre fattori identificati sopra, sia a livello concettuale che di misurazione. Nell'ambiente costruito, la sostenibilità degli edifici è valutata da strumenti specifici, chiamati Green Building Rating Systems (GBRS), come BREEAM, LEED, VERDE o Level(s). Tra i tre pilastri della sostenibilità (ambientale, economica e sociale) nel settore edilizio, la sostenibilità sociale viene valutata dai GBRS tenendo conto di diverse metriche e metodologie di valutazione. Per questo motivo, il presente lavoro mira a sviluppare una metodologia in grado di definire un sistema di misurazione comune delle prestazioni sociali a livello edilizio nel contesto europeo, con particolare attenzione al settore dell'edilizia sociale. La metodologia è stata sviluppata attraverso una prima analisi delle metriche sociali utilizzate all'interno dei GBRS europei, degli standard ISO/EN relativi alla sostenibilità sociale nel settore delle costruzioni e di alcune proposte di framework accademici relativi alla valutazione della sostenibilità sociale nel settore residenziale. Di conseguenza, le metriche sociali identificate in precedenza sono state raggruppate per ottenere un numero minore di metriche. Il risultato di questa tesi è stata la creazione di una metodologia di 27 metriche che rappresentano un ulteriore passo avanti nel processo di armonizzazione delle metriche sociali a livello dell'edificio nel contesto europeo, con particolare attenzione al settore dell'edilizia residenziale sociale.
Building rating systems and social sustainability: new perspectives for european social housing
Pressi, Francesco
2022/2023
Abstract
In last years, the combination among the fast-growth of housing prices, the stagnating wages and the increase in mortgage lending rates, increased European number of people who are not able to access to housing market in order to buy (or rent) an adequate house. Social Housing sector represents a solution that can reduce the European demand of affordable dwellings supply. As a result, European Commission is increasing the investments addressed to development programs of Social Housing dwellings through new buildings and retrofitting of existing buildings. These European programs related to Social Housing estate will be based on three drivers that became critical after COVID-19 pandemic: energy efficiency, environmental and social sustainability. This thesis focus on measurement of social performances in the Social Housing estate at building level because social sustainability represents the less conceptualized driver in the academic literature among three drivers that have been identified above, both at conceptual and measurement level. In the built environment, the sustainability of buildings is assessed by specific tools, called Green Building Rating Systems (GBRSs), such as BREEAM, LEED, VERDE or Level(s). Among the three pillars of sustainability (environmental, economic and social) in the building sector, social sustainability is assessed by GBRSs taking in account different metrics and assessment methodologies. For this reason, the present work aims at developing of a methodology that can define a common measurement system of social performances at building level in the European context with a focus on Social Housing sector. The methodology has been developed through a first analysis of social metrics used within European GBRSs, ISO/EN standards related to social sustainability in the construction sector, and some proposals of academic frameworks related to assessment of social sustainability in the residential sector. Consequently, the social metrics that have been identified previously have been clustered in order to get a smaller number of metrics. The result of this thesis has been the creation of a methodology of 27 metrics that represent a further step of harmonization process of social metrics at building level in the European context, with focus on Social Housing sector.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/210912