This work aims to delve into the theme of Open Space within schools, starting from a careful reflection on the role of the educational institution in today's society. It has become necessary to outline, at least in their essential features, the various Italian and European school systems and their different approaches in order to understand how, starting from different learning methods, equally distant architectural outcomes are achieved. Another important aspect to keep in mind is the regulatory framework that has governed the design of school interiors and exteriors over the years, from 1975 to the present, in a more comprehensive and detailed manner in the former case, and only summarily in the latter. For the sake of completeness, surveys have also been carried out on some school buildings constructed based on traditional parameters: in all examined cases, the underutilization or even complete absence of open space as an alternative, rather than subordinate, place for education and teaching is evident. However, the school is not an architectural element detached from everything else; it is rather a complex of buildings and structures embedded within an urban fabric. The Open Space within schools must be related to the rest of the city, not only as a collection of streets, squares, and constructions, but also in the broader sense of community, as a group of individuals united by an articulated system of reciprocal relationships and various activities. Authoritative voices, such as those of Jan Gehl and Edward Twitchell Hall, have highlighted a significant analogy between the school and the city in this regard. The open space assumes a relevance in schools that is not very different from its significance in the city center, and its realization cannot be left to chance or guided solely by the needs of the internal environments. On the contrary, it has its own dignity and, for this reason, must be subject to specific parameters that enhance its functions and potential. In the national and especially international context, there are indeed projects and initiatives in this direction. Based on some concrete cases reviewed and the reflections made up to this point, an attempt has been made to establish, through the development of guidelines, a notion of the "school of the future" and a redefinition of the identity of school environments, without neglecting essential elements such as furnishings, outdoor classrooms, materials, and a careful analysis of vegetation according to the geographical area. Finally, an effort has been made to shift the issue from theory to practice by evaluating and experimenting with the applicability of those same guidelines to a real project.
Il presente lavoro intende approfondire il tema dello Spazio Aperto all'interno della scuola, muovendo da un'attenta riflessione sul ruolo dell'istituzione scuola nella società odierna. Si è reso opportuno delineare, perlomeno nei loro tratti essenziali, i vari sistemi scolastici italiani ed europei e i loro differenti approcci, al fine di comprendere come effettivamente, partendo da modalità di apprendimento diverse, si giunga ad esiti dal punto di vista architettonico altrettanto distanti. Un ulteriore tassello da tenere bene a mente è rappresentato dal quadro normativo che negli anni, dal 1975 ad oggi, ha disciplinato la progettazione degli ambienti interni ed esterni della scuola, nel primo caso in modo più completo e dettagliato, nel secondo solo sommariamente. Per dovere di completezza, si sono svolti, inoltre, dei rilevamenti su alcuni edifici scolastici costruiti in base ai parametri tradizionali: in tutti i casi esaminati risulta evidente il sotto-utilizzo, o addirittura la totale assenza dello spazio aperto come luogo alternativo, e non subalterno, per l'istruzione e la didattica. Ma la scuola non è un elemento architettonico avulso da tutto il resto: si tratta piuttosto di un complesso di edifici e strutture calato all’interno di una trama urbana. Lo Spazio Aperto della scuola deve essere messo in relazione con il resto della città, intesa non solo come insieme di strade, piazze e costruzioni, ma anche nel senso più ampio di comunità, come gruppo di individui uniti da un articolato sistema di relazioni reciproche e di attività di varia natura. Voci autorevoli, come quella di Jan Gehl e Edward Twitchell Hall, hanno messo in luce, in proposito, una significativa analogia tra la scuola e la città. Lo spazio aperto assume nella scuola una rilevanza non molto diversa da quella che lo caratterizza nel centro urbano e la sua realizzazione non può essere lasciata al caso o guidata esclusivamente dalle esigenze degli ambienti interni. Al contrario, ha una dignità propria e per tale ragione deve essere oggetto di parametri specifici, che ne valorizzino le funzioni e le potenzialità. Nel panorama nazionale e soprattutto internazionale, non mancano in realtà progetti e iniziative in tal senso. Sulla base di alcuni casi concreti passati in rassegna e delle riflessioni fatte fino a questo punto, si è tentato di stabilire, attraverso l’elaborazione di linee guida, una nozione di scuola “futura” e una ridefinizione dell'identità degli ambienti scolastici, senza tralasciare alcuni elementi essenziali, quali l’arredo, le aule esterne, i materiali e un'attenta analisi della vegetazione a seconda della zona geografica. Infine, si è tentato di spostare la questione dal teorico al concreto, valutando e sperimentando l’applicabilità di quelle stesse linee guida ad un progetto reale.
Spazio Aperto : ripensare l'identità dell'ambiente esterno nella scuola
Cibecchini, Giulio
2022/2023
Abstract
This work aims to delve into the theme of Open Space within schools, starting from a careful reflection on the role of the educational institution in today's society. It has become necessary to outline, at least in their essential features, the various Italian and European school systems and their different approaches in order to understand how, starting from different learning methods, equally distant architectural outcomes are achieved. Another important aspect to keep in mind is the regulatory framework that has governed the design of school interiors and exteriors over the years, from 1975 to the present, in a more comprehensive and detailed manner in the former case, and only summarily in the latter. For the sake of completeness, surveys have also been carried out on some school buildings constructed based on traditional parameters: in all examined cases, the underutilization or even complete absence of open space as an alternative, rather than subordinate, place for education and teaching is evident. However, the school is not an architectural element detached from everything else; it is rather a complex of buildings and structures embedded within an urban fabric. The Open Space within schools must be related to the rest of the city, not only as a collection of streets, squares, and constructions, but also in the broader sense of community, as a group of individuals united by an articulated system of reciprocal relationships and various activities. Authoritative voices, such as those of Jan Gehl and Edward Twitchell Hall, have highlighted a significant analogy between the school and the city in this regard. The open space assumes a relevance in schools that is not very different from its significance in the city center, and its realization cannot be left to chance or guided solely by the needs of the internal environments. On the contrary, it has its own dignity and, for this reason, must be subject to specific parameters that enhance its functions and potential. In the national and especially international context, there are indeed projects and initiatives in this direction. Based on some concrete cases reviewed and the reflections made up to this point, an attempt has been made to establish, through the development of guidelines, a notion of the "school of the future" and a redefinition of the identity of school environments, without neglecting essential elements such as furnishings, outdoor classrooms, materials, and a careful analysis of vegetation according to the geographical area. Finally, an effort has been made to shift the issue from theory to practice by evaluating and experimenting with the applicability of those same guidelines to a real project.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/211284