In recent years, New Space trends have been a true renaissance for the global space industry. The introduction of miniaturized, standardized and cost-effective solutions, such as CubeSat format, has enabled a growing number of users from all parts of the world to develop and operate their own satellites. This is the case of university students, who have been pursuing the dream of reaching space with their CubeSats for the past 20 years. A numerical analysis over a nanosatellites database shows that universities have developed nearly one-third of all 1956 CubeSats launched to date. However, the dramatic drop in development costs is not followed in equal measure by the decrease in launch cost, which is still a major obstacle for low-end market players. Indeed, several projects fail to go beyond the concept proposal stage due to lack of funds to cover the potential launch after completion. For this reason, as of today, student-led projects often need the help of initiatives by large institutional organizations to support their access to space. On the other hand, the current condition of the global supply chain makes satellite development schedule unreliable, driving many high-end customers to strive for flexibility when purchasing a launch to space. The solution presented in this work aims to leverage CubeSat standardized format to both solve the economic challenges faced by launch service providers in accommodating customers' schedules, and generate new opportunities for students at once. As a use-case, feasibility investigation is performed on an ION mission, the space tug operated by D-Orbit, leader in space transportation. A mission profile for this new launch solution is then proposed, including a set of eligibility requirements and a review of milestones and deliverables preceding integration and launch. In order to tune the features of this launch solution to the real added value for the end user, CubeSat teams from several universities around the world were interviewed. This new launch solution aims to contribute to Space4SDGs guidelines by UNOOSA to achieve a sustainable future for all humankind. In this framework, enabling affordable and reliable access to space for all universities, by mitigating risks and hedge losses for launch service providers, can accelerate the whole industry toward a more sustainable Space Economy.
Negli ultimi anni, le dinamiche del New Space hanno rappresentato una vera e propria rinascita per l'industria spaziale mondiale. L'introduzione di soluzioni miniaturizzate, standardizzate e a costi contenuti, come il formato CubeSat, ha permesso a un numero crescente di utenti da tutto il mondo di sviluppare e operare un proprio satellite. È così per gli studenti universitari, che da 20 anni inseguono il sogno di raggiungere lo spazio con i loro CubeSat. L'analisi di un database di nanosatelliti mostra che le università hanno sviluppato un terzo di tutti i 1956 CubeSat lanciati finora. Tuttavia, il drastico calo dei costi di sviluppo non è seguito in egual misura dalla diminuzione del costo di lancio, che rimane un grosso ostacolo per la fascia bassa del mercato. Infatti, molti progetti non riescono a superare la fase di ideazione a causa della mancanza di fondi per coprire il lancio dopo il completamento. Perciò, ad oggi, i progetti di studenti hanno spesso bisogno dell'aiuto di iniziative di grandi organizzazioni istituzionali che ne incoraggino l'accesso allo spazio. D'altra parte, le attuali condizioni della catena di fornitura globale rendono inaffidabili i tempi di sviluppo dei satelliti, spingendo molti clienti di fascia alta a ricercare una forte flessibilità nel lancio da acquistare. La soluzione presentata in questo lavoro mira a sfruttare il formato standardizzato dei CubeSat per risolvere le sfide economiche che i fornitori di servizi di lancio affrontano per soddisfare le scadenze dei clienti e, allo stesso tempo, generare nuove opportunità per gli studenti. Come caso d'uso, l'analisi di fattibilità è realizzata su una missione ION, lo space tug di D-Orbit, leader in trasporto spaziale. Viene proposto un profilo di missione per la soluzione di lancio, che include i requisiti di idoneità e una revisione delle tappe e dei documenti necessari per integrazione e lancio. Per adattare l'offerta al vero valore aggiunto per l'utente, sono stati intervistati team di CubeSat di università da diversi continenti. Questa nuova soluzione di lancio intende contribuire alle linee guida Space4SDGs dell'UNOOSA per raggiungere un futuro sostenibile per tutta l'umanità. In questo contesto, consentire un accesso allo spazio conveniente e affidabile per le università di tutto il mondo, mitigando i rischi e le perdite per i fornitori del lancio, può accelerare l'intera Space Economy verso un futuro sostenibile.
ION Service for Universities : enabling affordable and reliable access to space for educational CubeSats
Zeni, Matteo
2021/2022
Abstract
In recent years, New Space trends have been a true renaissance for the global space industry. The introduction of miniaturized, standardized and cost-effective solutions, such as CubeSat format, has enabled a growing number of users from all parts of the world to develop and operate their own satellites. This is the case of university students, who have been pursuing the dream of reaching space with their CubeSats for the past 20 years. A numerical analysis over a nanosatellites database shows that universities have developed nearly one-third of all 1956 CubeSats launched to date. However, the dramatic drop in development costs is not followed in equal measure by the decrease in launch cost, which is still a major obstacle for low-end market players. Indeed, several projects fail to go beyond the concept proposal stage due to lack of funds to cover the potential launch after completion. For this reason, as of today, student-led projects often need the help of initiatives by large institutional organizations to support their access to space. On the other hand, the current condition of the global supply chain makes satellite development schedule unreliable, driving many high-end customers to strive for flexibility when purchasing a launch to space. The solution presented in this work aims to leverage CubeSat standardized format to both solve the economic challenges faced by launch service providers in accommodating customers' schedules, and generate new opportunities for students at once. As a use-case, feasibility investigation is performed on an ION mission, the space tug operated by D-Orbit, leader in space transportation. A mission profile for this new launch solution is then proposed, including a set of eligibility requirements and a review of milestones and deliverables preceding integration and launch. In order to tune the features of this launch solution to the real added value for the end user, CubeSat teams from several universities around the world were interviewed. This new launch solution aims to contribute to Space4SDGs guidelines by UNOOSA to achieve a sustainable future for all humankind. In this framework, enabling affordable and reliable access to space for all universities, by mitigating risks and hedge losses for launch service providers, can accelerate the whole industry toward a more sustainable Space Economy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2023_05_Zeni.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/211815