Cerebral Palsy and associated gait disorders prevent children from carrying out activities of daily living, affecting their motor ability and quality of life, often representing a social barrier. Assistive devices ranging from passive ones, like wheelchairs and walkers, to active ones, like exoskeletons, are crucial means of support to regain independence, together with therapy training sessions. However, in terms of active assistive devices, few solutions have been developed for children with mild to moderate levels of impairments in order to offer support in an unobtrusive manner. This thesis work presents a lightweight and cable-driven lower-limb exoskeleton specifically developed to relieve children suffering from crouch gait. The device provides knee-extension assistance while walking within the single stance phase, where excessive knee flexion and lack of hip support prevent them from a normal gait. The mechanical and mechatronic design has been developed, as well as the system control, taking as a blueprint the Myosuit from Myoswiss AG, with the aim of adapting it to the children population, and the Myoshirt TDU developed in a previous collaboration between Politecnico di Milano and SMS laboratory (ETH Zürich), to obtain a light actuation system to adapt to the current use case requirements. To be worn on top of clothes, the system is composed of knee lower-limb orthosis, commanded by a cable that wraps on a pulley actuated by an electric DC motor located in a backpack, together with the control and power unit. With an overall weight of 3 kg, it is one of the lightest solutions developed so far specifically for children, among those available on the market and in the research environment. Tests are performed to validate whether design goals and derived technical requirements are met. In addition, pilot tests on a single adult healthy subject are performed to verify the correct functioning of the device. To conclude, we are effectively able to manufacture a lightweight, portable first prototype that can now be further developed and tested to assist children during walking, with the final aim of increasing their physical activity.
Paralisi cerebrale e disturbi della deambulazione associati impediscono ai bambini di svolgere attività di vita quotidiana, influenzano la loro capacità motoria e la qualità della vita, rappresentando una barriera sociale. Dispositivi di assistenza passivi e attivi, sono mezzi di supporto fondamentali per acquisire indipendenza insieme alle sessioni di riabilitazione con i terapisti. In termini di dispositivi di assistenza attivi, poche soluzioni sono state sviluppate per i bambini con livelli di disabilità lievi e moderati in grado di offrire supporto in modo non intrusivo. Il presente lavoro di tesi propone un esoscheletro per arti inferiori azionato tramite cavi di Bowden, leggero e con bassa inerzia, sviluppato specificamente per assistere i bambini che soffrono di crouch-gait. Il dispositivo fornisce assistenza durante il cammino nella fase di appoggio singolo, dove un'eccessiva flessione del ginocchio e la difficoltà nel sorreggere il proprio peso a livello delle anche sono fattori che impediscono un'andatura normale. Questo lavoro presenta la progettazione e i principi di controllo del sistema, prendendo come modelli il Myosuit (Myoswiss AG) e la TDU del Myoshirt sviluppata in una precedente collaborazione tra il Politecnico di Milano e l' SMS lab (ETH Zürich), per ottenere un sistema di attuazione leggero che si adatti alle esigenze della popolazione pediatrica. Il sistema, da indossare sopra i vestiti, è composto da ortesi per gli arti inferiori, comandate da un cavo che si avvolge intorno a una puleggia azionata da un motore elettrico CC situato in uno zaino, insieme all'unità di controllo e di alimentazione. Con un peso complessivo di 3 kg, è una delle soluzioni più leggere sviluppate, tra quelle disponibili sul mercato e nell'ambiente di ricerca. I test sono stati eseguiti per convalidare il raggiungimento degli obiettivi di progettazione e dei requisiti tecnici derivati da essi. Si può concludere affermando che un primo prototipo leggero e portatile di esoscheletro è stato realizzato con successo, e che ora può essere ulteriormente sviluppato e testato per assistere i bambini affetti da crouch-gait, con l'obiettivo di aumentarne l’attività fisica.
Development of a cable-driven knee exoskeleton for children suffering from cerebral palsy
CHIODA, PIETRO
2021/2022
Abstract
Cerebral Palsy and associated gait disorders prevent children from carrying out activities of daily living, affecting their motor ability and quality of life, often representing a social barrier. Assistive devices ranging from passive ones, like wheelchairs and walkers, to active ones, like exoskeletons, are crucial means of support to regain independence, together with therapy training sessions. However, in terms of active assistive devices, few solutions have been developed for children with mild to moderate levels of impairments in order to offer support in an unobtrusive manner. This thesis work presents a lightweight and cable-driven lower-limb exoskeleton specifically developed to relieve children suffering from crouch gait. The device provides knee-extension assistance while walking within the single stance phase, where excessive knee flexion and lack of hip support prevent them from a normal gait. The mechanical and mechatronic design has been developed, as well as the system control, taking as a blueprint the Myosuit from Myoswiss AG, with the aim of adapting it to the children population, and the Myoshirt TDU developed in a previous collaboration between Politecnico di Milano and SMS laboratory (ETH Zürich), to obtain a light actuation system to adapt to the current use case requirements. To be worn on top of clothes, the system is composed of knee lower-limb orthosis, commanded by a cable that wraps on a pulley actuated by an electric DC motor located in a backpack, together with the control and power unit. With an overall weight of 3 kg, it is one of the lightest solutions developed so far specifically for children, among those available on the market and in the research environment. Tests are performed to validate whether design goals and derived technical requirements are met. In addition, pilot tests on a single adult healthy subject are performed to verify the correct functioning of the device. To conclude, we are effectively able to manufacture a lightweight, portable first prototype that can now be further developed and tested to assist children during walking, with the final aim of increasing their physical activity.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2023_05_Chioda_01.pdf
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Descrizione: Thesis
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2023_05_Chioda_02.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive summary
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/212239