The November 26th, 2019, earthquake in Albania caused widespread damage and destructions, resulting in the collapse and damage of many masonry budlings, highlighting the need for improved seismic design and retrofitting of these structures. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the seismic vulnerability of existing masonry buildings by focusing on a particular building typology that suffered more damage during the earthquake of November 26th, 2019. The study starts with the description of the earthquake intensity. Recordings of the accelerations and comparison with code values are shown. Furthermore, the focus is posed on the description of damage observations. Among others, a special typology of masonry buildings with calcium silicate bricks were observed to have shown a particular vulnerable behaviour with many damaged and some collapsed. This is a typology widespread in the country and therefore its study is very significant in terms of mitigation of the seismic risk. A parametric numerical study is performed on masonry walls available in the literature, to test the simulation capabilities of the software Abaqus which was used here during the simulations. The plastic damage model available in the software was used to model the masonry material. The results show, the importance of the selection of the appropriate mechanical parameter with particular focus on tension, compression strength and dilatancy in order to obtain capacity curves aligned with the experimental tests. Finally, this study presents a detailed study of four heavily damaged silicate masonry buildings belonging of the same typology, located in the town of Thumanë. A detailed 3D finite element model is presented. The capacity of the structure in both main directions is computed considering a uniform and a triangular distribution of horizontal forces. The analysis provides insights related to the structural weaknesses under horizontal loading conditions, which match also some of the observed damage on site. The results of this study are an important contribution in the future efforts to strengthen multiple other examples of this building typology which are widespread in the country.
Il terremoto del 26 novembre 2019 in Albania ha causato danni e distruzioni diffusi, con conseguente crollo e danneggiamento di molti edifici in muratura, evidenziando la necessità di una migliore progettazione sismica e adeguamento di queste strutture. Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di analizzare la vulnerabilità sismica di edifici esistenti in muratura concentrandosi su una particolare tipologia edilizia che ha subito maggiori danni durante il sisma del 26 novembre 2019. Lo studio inizia con la descrizione dell'intensità del terremoto. Vengono mostrate le registrazioni delle accelerazioni e il confronto con i valori del codice. Inoltre, l'attenzione è posta sulla descrizione delle osservazioni sui danni. Tra gli altri, è stato osservato che una particolare tipologia di edifici in muratura con mattoni di silicato di calcio ha mostrato un particolare comportamento vulnerabile con molti danni e alcuni crollati. Si tratta di una tipologia diffusa nel Paese e pertanto il suo studio è molto significativo in termini di mitigazione del rischio sismico. Viene eseguito uno studio numerico parametrico su pareti in muratura disponibili in letteratura, per testare le capacità di simulazione del software Abaqus qui utilizzato durante le simulazioni. Il modello di danno plastico disponibile nel software è stato utilizzato per modellare il materiale della muratura. I risultati mostrano l'importanza della selezione del parametro meccanico appropriato con particolare attenzione alla tensione, alla resistenza alla compressione e alla dilatanza al fine di ottenere curve di capacità allineate con le prove sperimentali. Infine, questo studio presenta uno studio dettagliato di quattro edifici in muratura di silicato fortemente danneggiati appartenenti alla stessa tipologia, situati nella città di Thumanë. Viene presentato un modello 3D dettagliato agli elementi finiti. La capacità della struttura in entrambe le direzioni principali è calcolata considerando una distribuzione uniforme e triangolare delle forze orizzontali. L'analisi fornisce approfondimenti relativi alle debolezze strutturali in condizioni di carico orizzontale, che corrispondono anche ad alcuni dei danni osservati in sito. I risultati di questo studio sono un contributo importante nei futuri sforzi per rafforzare molteplici altri esempi di questa tipologia edilizia che sono diffusi nel paese.
Seismic vulnerability of masonry buildings : analysis of a building typology collapse during the November 26th, 2019 earthquake in Albania
Doda, Blerta;MOHAMMEDALMODTHER ABDALAZIM RAJAB ABDALLA
2021/2022
Abstract
The November 26th, 2019, earthquake in Albania caused widespread damage and destructions, resulting in the collapse and damage of many masonry budlings, highlighting the need for improved seismic design and retrofitting of these structures. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the seismic vulnerability of existing masonry buildings by focusing on a particular building typology that suffered more damage during the earthquake of November 26th, 2019. The study starts with the description of the earthquake intensity. Recordings of the accelerations and comparison with code values are shown. Furthermore, the focus is posed on the description of damage observations. Among others, a special typology of masonry buildings with calcium silicate bricks were observed to have shown a particular vulnerable behaviour with many damaged and some collapsed. This is a typology widespread in the country and therefore its study is very significant in terms of mitigation of the seismic risk. A parametric numerical study is performed on masonry walls available in the literature, to test the simulation capabilities of the software Abaqus which was used here during the simulations. The plastic damage model available in the software was used to model the masonry material. The results show, the importance of the selection of the appropriate mechanical parameter with particular focus on tension, compression strength and dilatancy in order to obtain capacity curves aligned with the experimental tests. Finally, this study presents a detailed study of four heavily damaged silicate masonry buildings belonging of the same typology, located in the town of Thumanë. A detailed 3D finite element model is presented. The capacity of the structure in both main directions is computed considering a uniform and a triangular distribution of horizontal forces. The analysis provides insights related to the structural weaknesses under horizontal loading conditions, which match also some of the observed damage on site. The results of this study are an important contribution in the future efforts to strengthen multiple other examples of this building typology which are widespread in the country.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Seismic Vulnerability of Masonry Buildings: Analysis of a building typology collapse during the November 26th, 2019, earthquake in Albania
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/212541