The energy consumption in the building sector, especially commercial ones, is one of the significant contributors to the total energy consumption of each society. This fact was a driving force for the emergence of the initiatives to lower power consumption in the buildings, i.e., building energy standards. The American standard, ASHRAE 90.1, which is the interest of this study, offers the minimum requirements for energy-efficient design for commercial buildings, and furthermore, it serves as the primary reference for the energy credits in the building sustainability certifications such as LEED and BREEAM. The first part of this study aims to compare various versions of ASHRAE 90.1, spanning from the 2010 version, which is required by LEED v4, to the 2022 version, assessing the evolution of the standard and understanding the latest developments that will drive the building sector. The comparison is made among the main sections, namely building envelope, HVAC system, service water heating, power distribution, and lighting. The second part of this study is focused on making baseline models based on Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1: 2010, Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1: 2019, and Italian Building Regulation using IESVE software for a real-world case study located in Venice, Italy. The comparison is made between the baseline models and the proposed HVAC system to analyse the savings in terms of total energy consumption, total costs, primary energy consumption, and CO2 emission, spot the most efficient energy solution, and recognize the evolvement in building energy codes. The results indicate that the proposed case outperforms the Italian baseline model by 26.01% in terms of total energy consumption, total energy costs, CO2 emissions, and primary energy consumption. Additionally, compared to the ASHRAE 90.1: 2010 baseline model, the proposed case exhibits a superior performance of 44.22% across the same metrics. In comparison to the ASHRAE 90.1: 2019 baseline model, the proposed case demonstrates a better performance by 44.05% in total energy consumption, 18.98% in total costs, 21.31% in CO2 emissions, and 22.26% in primary energy consumption. However, it is noteworthy that despite its enhanced efficiency compared to ASHRAE 90.1: 2019, the proposed design falls short of complying with the mandatory provisions of this standard. Moreover, a higher Performance Cost Index than the Performance Cost Index Target indicates that further improvements are necessary to achieve the minimum efficiency value of the standard; an issue that will challenge the future design teams.
Il consumo energetico nel settore edilizio, in particolare per gli edifici commerciali, è uno dei maggiori contributi al consumo totale di energia di una società moderna. Negli ultimi decenni di crisi energetiche ed ambientali, sono quindi state sviluppate norme volte a ridurre il consumo energetico negli edifici. Lo standard americano ASHRAE 90.1, oggetto di questo studio, offre i requisiti minimi per una progettazione degli edifici energeticamente efficiente, ed è il principale riferimento per le certificazioni di sostenibilità come LEED e BREEAM. La prima parte di questo studio mira a confrontare le ultime versioni di ASHRAE 90.1, partendo dalla versione del 2010, richiesta da LEEDv4, all’ultima versione del 2022, per comprenderne l’evoluzione e studiarne gli ultimi sviluppi che guideranno il settore. Il confronto è stato effettuato tra i capitoli principali dello standard, ovvero involucro edilizio, sistemi HVAC, acqua calda sanitaria, distribuzione di energia elettrica e illuminazione. La seconda parte di questo lavoro è incentrata sulla modellazione energetica, effettuata tramite il software IES VE, dei sistemi edificio-involucro basati sull’Appendix G di ASHRAE 90.1: 2010, l’Appendix G di ASHRAE 90.1: 2019 e la normativa italiana sull’efficienza energetica degli edifici, per un caso studio reale situato a Venezia, Italia. Il confronto viene effettuato tra i requisiti delineati delle normative e le specifiche di progetto, al fine di analizzare i risparmi in termini di consumo totale di energia, costi energetici, consumo di energia primaria, ed emissioni di CO2. Questo al fine di individuare la soluzione energetica più efficiente e comprendere l’impatto dell'evoluzione dei requisiti richiesti degli standard. I risultati indicano che il caso di progetto è più efficiente del caso basato sui requisiti della normativa italiana del 26.01% in termini di consumo di energia, costi energetici, emissioni di CO2 e consumo di energia primaria. Invece, rispetto al modello di riferimento ASHRAE 90.1: 2010, il caso di progetto mostra una performance superiore del 44.22%. Rapportato al modello di riferimento ASHRAE 90.1: 2019, il caso di progetto dimostra una performance Migliore del 44.05% in consume di energia, 18.98% in costi energetici, 21.31% in emissioni di CO2 e 22.26% in consumo di energia primaria. Tuttavia, è importante notare che, nonostante la migliore efficienza rispetto ad ASHRAE 90.1: 2019, il caso di progetto non soddisfa tutti i requisiti obbligatori dello standard. In particolare, valutando il Performance Cost Index con il richiesto Performance Cost Index Target, si rileva che il caso di progetto necessiterebbe di notevoli miglioramenti per rispettare il valore minimo di efficienza dallo standard; un tema su cui si sfideranno i nuovi team di progettazione.
Investigating the ASHRAE 90.1 evolution and the energy performance of baseline buildings via dynamic energy simulation - A case study in Venice, Italy
Abdollahi, Sina
2022/2023
Abstract
The energy consumption in the building sector, especially commercial ones, is one of the significant contributors to the total energy consumption of each society. This fact was a driving force for the emergence of the initiatives to lower power consumption in the buildings, i.e., building energy standards. The American standard, ASHRAE 90.1, which is the interest of this study, offers the minimum requirements for energy-efficient design for commercial buildings, and furthermore, it serves as the primary reference for the energy credits in the building sustainability certifications such as LEED and BREEAM. The first part of this study aims to compare various versions of ASHRAE 90.1, spanning from the 2010 version, which is required by LEED v4, to the 2022 version, assessing the evolution of the standard and understanding the latest developments that will drive the building sector. The comparison is made among the main sections, namely building envelope, HVAC system, service water heating, power distribution, and lighting. The second part of this study is focused on making baseline models based on Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1: 2010, Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1: 2019, and Italian Building Regulation using IESVE software for a real-world case study located in Venice, Italy. The comparison is made between the baseline models and the proposed HVAC system to analyse the savings in terms of total energy consumption, total costs, primary energy consumption, and CO2 emission, spot the most efficient energy solution, and recognize the evolvement in building energy codes. The results indicate that the proposed case outperforms the Italian baseline model by 26.01% in terms of total energy consumption, total energy costs, CO2 emissions, and primary energy consumption. Additionally, compared to the ASHRAE 90.1: 2010 baseline model, the proposed case exhibits a superior performance of 44.22% across the same metrics. In comparison to the ASHRAE 90.1: 2019 baseline model, the proposed case demonstrates a better performance by 44.05% in total energy consumption, 18.98% in total costs, 21.31% in CO2 emissions, and 22.26% in primary energy consumption. However, it is noteworthy that despite its enhanced efficiency compared to ASHRAE 90.1: 2019, the proposed design falls short of complying with the mandatory provisions of this standard. Moreover, a higher Performance Cost Index than the Performance Cost Index Target indicates that further improvements are necessary to achieve the minimum efficiency value of the standard; an issue that will challenge the future design teams.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/214442