During last years, the usage of power semiconductor - based devices and solutions has exploded in many technological fields. The current work is focused on the analysis of a Bidirectional AC/DC converter acting as an Active Front End (AFE) , which may be used in new structures integrated to the power grid such as DC fast charging applications and Vehicle To Grid (V2G) . The first part analyzes the theoretical aspects related to semiconductors constructive technologies, multilevel converters topologies and modulation techniques, including Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) and Space Vector Modulation (SVM). Following, Neutral Point (NP) balancing strategies are presented, describing two solutions based on SPWM + Quasi - Proportional Resonant (PR) regulator and Adjusted virtual SVM. An overview on some possible control methods is then given, focusing the attention on a Cascaded PI structure. The last two chapters report the results obtained in simulation and on real setup both for inverting and rectify converter operation modes, respectively. The system physical structure is also described in detail, putting in light the design of a self realized signal conditioning PCB used to interface the control board to the power converter. The system state space formulation has been obtained by means of a Generalized Averaged Model (GAM) approach, while its dynamical behaviour has been simulated using MATLAB and Simulink. In practice, the achieved results have been validated and analyzed, mainly evaluating the output ripple magnitude and the introduced Total Harmonic Distorsion (THD). In conclusion, this work introduces the basis to future studies on similar converting architectures, possibly moving to SiC and GaN constructive technologies. This last step would allow to drive the power modules with much higher switching frequencies, trying to lower the associated losses and to reduce the size of the final product.
Durante gli ultimi anni, l’utilizzo di dispositivi di potenza a semiconduttore è considerevolmente aumentato in molteplici settori tecnologici. Il presente studio è concentrato sull’analisi di un convertitore AC/DC bidirezionale che lavora come Active Front End, il quale può trovare impiego in nuove strutture integrate con la rete elettrica come, ad esempio, sistemi di ricarica rapida in corrente continua e sistemi Vehicle To Grid (V2G). La prima parte analizza gli aspetti teorici legati a tecnologie costruttive dei semiconduttori, topologie di convertitori multilivello e tecniche di modulazione, tra cui Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) e Space Vector Modulation (SVM). In secondo luogo, alcune strategie rivolte al bilanciamento del Punto Centrale (NP) sono presentate, citando due soluzioni basate su SPWM + regolatore Quasi - Proporzionale Risonante (PR) e Adjusted virtual SVM. A seguire, viene esposta una panoramica sui possibili metodi di controllo, concentrando l’attenzione su un controllo PI in cascata. Gli ultimi due capitoli espongono i risultati ottenuti in simulazione e per via sperimentale, analizzando il funzionamento sia in inversione che in rettifica del convertitore. La struttura del sistema è descritta in dettaglio, concentrandosi sulla realizzazione di una PCB di condizionamento segnali. La rappresentazione in spazio di stato del sistema è stata ottenuta utilizzando un approccio Generalized Averaged Model (GAM), mentre la sua evoluzione dinamica è stata simulata mediante MATLAB e Simulink. Nella pratica, i risultati ottenuti sono stati validati e analizzati valutando principalmente l’oscillazione del segnale in uscita e la sua distorsione armonica. Concludendo, il presente documento introduce le basi per studi futuri su simili architetture di conversione, possibilmente spostandosi su tecnologie SiC e GaN. Quest’ultimo passaggio permetterebbe di controllare i moduli di potenza con una frequenza di commutazione molto più elevata, cercando di ridurre le perdite associate e le dimensioni del prodotto finale.
Analysis and Control of a Three - Level Bidirectional Converter working as an Active Front End between AC and DC grids
De CARLI, PAOLO
2022/2023
Abstract
During last years, the usage of power semiconductor - based devices and solutions has exploded in many technological fields. The current work is focused on the analysis of a Bidirectional AC/DC converter acting as an Active Front End (AFE) , which may be used in new structures integrated to the power grid such as DC fast charging applications and Vehicle To Grid (V2G) . The first part analyzes the theoretical aspects related to semiconductors constructive technologies, multilevel converters topologies and modulation techniques, including Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) and Space Vector Modulation (SVM). Following, Neutral Point (NP) balancing strategies are presented, describing two solutions based on SPWM + Quasi - Proportional Resonant (PR) regulator and Adjusted virtual SVM. An overview on some possible control methods is then given, focusing the attention on a Cascaded PI structure. The last two chapters report the results obtained in simulation and on real setup both for inverting and rectify converter operation modes, respectively. The system physical structure is also described in detail, putting in light the design of a self realized signal conditioning PCB used to interface the control board to the power converter. The system state space formulation has been obtained by means of a Generalized Averaged Model (GAM) approach, while its dynamical behaviour has been simulated using MATLAB and Simulink. In practice, the achieved results have been validated and analyzed, mainly evaluating the output ripple magnitude and the introduced Total Harmonic Distorsion (THD). In conclusion, this work introduces the basis to future studies on similar converting architectures, possibly moving to SiC and GaN constructive technologies. This last step would allow to drive the power modules with much higher switching frequencies, trying to lower the associated losses and to reduce the size of the final product.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2023_12_DeCarli_Tesi_01.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo della tesi
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2023_12_DeCarli_Executive_Summary_02.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo Executive Summary
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/214627