Grasping the urgency in resolving the global issue of climate change, the European Union has vowed to curb greenhouse gas emissions. The steel industry, well-known for its considerable energy consumption and significant role in CO2 emissions, plays a crucial part in this field. To meet the strict emission reduction targets mandated by the EU, innovative technologies and process adjustments are necessary. With the goal of offering insight into innovative technologies, which will be able to decarbonize the steel sector in line with the EU targets, a comprehensive assessment is provided, using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). The evaluation begins with a preliminary techno-economic analysis aimed at defining the system to be studied and the structure of the problem in the period from 2019 to 2050, focusing on scenarios for Italy and Germany. The considered technologies are: natural gas-based direct reduction of iron with CCS, a hydrogen-based application, and a fully electrified route of molten oxide electrolysis. The developed method uses MCDA models to rank and compare them on the basis of various technical, economic, environmental and social criteria. The results of the research highlight the superiority of MOE technology, in terms of potential for the decarbonization of the steel sector. The study also highlights the advantages and limitations of MCDA decision models. On the one hand, they offer a methodical and comprehensive framework for evaluating technologies, taking into account various factors. On the other hand, the dependence on the chosen model and weights remains significant.
Rispondendo all'impellente necessità di affrontare il problema globale del cambiamento climatico, l'Unione Europea si è impegnata a ridurre le emissioni di gas serra. L'industria siderurgica, riconosciuta per il suo considerevole consumo di energia e il suo ruolo preminente nelle emissioni di CO2, riveste un ruolo cruciale in questo contesto. Per conseguire gli stringenti obiettivi di riduzione delle emissioni stabiliti dall'UE, sono necessari adattamenti nei processi e tecnologie innovative. Al fine di fornire una chiara comprensione delle tecnologie innovative, che saranno in grado di decarbonizzare il settore siderurgico in linea con gli obiettivi dell'UE, è stata condotta un'approfondita valutazione utilizzando l'Analisi Decisionale Multi-Criteriale (MCDA). L'analisi inizia con un'approfondita analisi tecno-economica volta a definire il sistema oggetto di studio e la struttura del problema nel periodo compreso tra il 2019 e il 2050, con particolare attenzione agli scenari in Italia e Germania. Le tecnologie considerate sono le seguenti: la riduzione diretta del ferro a base di gas naturale con CCS, un'applicazione a base di idrogeno e un percorso completamente elettrificato di elettrolisi dell'ossido fuso. L'utilizzo di modelli MCDA consente di classificarle e confrontarle attraverso vari criteri tecnici, economici, ambientali e sociali. I risultati della ricerca evidenziano la superiorità della tecnologia MOE, in termini di potenziale per la decarbonizzazione del settore siderurgico. Lo studio mette anche in luce i vantaggi e le limitazioni dei modelli decisionali MCDA. Da un lato, forniscono un quadro metodico e completo per valutare le tecnologie, tenendo conto di vari fattori. D'altro canto, la dipendenza dal modello scelto e dai pesi rimane rilevante.
Assessing the viability of decarbonization technologies in steel production via Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
Soldaini, Alessandra
2022/2023
Abstract
Grasping the urgency in resolving the global issue of climate change, the European Union has vowed to curb greenhouse gas emissions. The steel industry, well-known for its considerable energy consumption and significant role in CO2 emissions, plays a crucial part in this field. To meet the strict emission reduction targets mandated by the EU, innovative technologies and process adjustments are necessary. With the goal of offering insight into innovative technologies, which will be able to decarbonize the steel sector in line with the EU targets, a comprehensive assessment is provided, using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). The evaluation begins with a preliminary techno-economic analysis aimed at defining the system to be studied and the structure of the problem in the period from 2019 to 2050, focusing on scenarios for Italy and Germany. The considered technologies are: natural gas-based direct reduction of iron with CCS, a hydrogen-based application, and a fully electrified route of molten oxide electrolysis. The developed method uses MCDA models to rank and compare them on the basis of various technical, economic, environmental and social criteria. The results of the research highlight the superiority of MOE technology, in terms of potential for the decarbonization of the steel sector. The study also highlights the advantages and limitations of MCDA decision models. On the one hand, they offer a methodical and comprehensive framework for evaluating technologies, taking into account various factors. On the other hand, the dependence on the chosen model and weights remains significant.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2023_12_Soldaini_Executive Summary_02.pdf
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2023_12_Soldaini_Tesi_01.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/214737