In recent decades, capitalism and globalization have contributed to a concerning surge in negative impacts on the environment and society. Within this landscape, the ascent of ESG paradigm and the practice of sustainability reporting have gained significant importance. The recognition that companies bear significant societal impacts, often overlooked in traditional financial statements, has paved the way for the crucial paradigm shift from profit accounting to impact accounting; consequently, impact measurement and valuation (IMV) has emerged as a pivotal approach that enables companies to assess their impacts in monetary terms, serving as a bridge between financial and non-financial information. The thesis outlines the historical evolution from sustainability reporting to the advent of impact accounting, and then focuses on the rise of IMV methodologies, presenting a thorough exploration of the most relevant models – including the Impact Weighted Accounts (IWA) model - and delineating the distinct characteristics of each. Within this extensive overview, two critical gaps in existing literature emerge, steering the focus of this research: the absence of a structured method to discern the most suitable valuation model amid the wide and complex landscape of IMV methodologies, and the limited empirical applications, with theoretical groundwork overshadowing practical implementations and hindering a holistic understanding of impact accounting and the tangible implications of impact monetization. The first literature gap is addressed through the development of a structured matrix-based guiding framework that facilitates the selection of the IMV model best suited to the distinct needs and objectives of companies seeking to monetize their impacts. The second literature gap is bridged by delving into a comprehensive empirical application, leveraging IWA’s model to undertake a detailed estimation of impacts within the automobile manufacturing industry, with the purpose to draw valuable insights and show the potential of impact accounting in effectively addressing sustainability challenges and redefine accounting practices. The findings significantly contribute to the existing literature in two ways. Firstly, the research introduces a guiding framework for selecting IMV models, underlining the importance of a tailored approach as no single methodology is universally superior to the others. Secondly, the practical application provides notable information and analytical depth, serving as a blueprint for future empirical studies across industries. Assessing impacts in monetary values emerges as pivotal in sustainability reporting, influencing stakeholders’ comprehension and fostering sustainable practices.
Negli ultimi decenni, il capitalismo e la globalizzazione hanno contribuito a un aumento preoccupante degli impatti negativi sull'ambiente, sulla società e sui prodotti. In questo panorama, l'ascesa del paradigma ESG e la pratica del reporting di sostenibilità hanno acquisito un'importanza significativa. Il riconoscimento che le aziende hanno impatti significativi sulla società e sull'ambiente, spesso trascurati nei bilanci tradizionali, ha aperto la strada al cruciale cambiamento di paradigma dalla contabilità dei profitti alla contabilità degli impatti; di conseguenza, la misurazione e la valutazione degli impatti (IMV) è emersa come un approccio cardine che consente alle aziende di valutare i propri impatti in termini monetari, fungendo da ponte tra informazioni finanziarie e non finanziarie. La tesi delinea l'evoluzione storica dal reporting di sostenibilità all'avvento della contabilità d'impatto, per poi concentrarsi sull'ascesa delle metodologie IMV, presentando un'esplorazione dei modelli più rilevanti - tra cui il modello Impact Weighted Accounts (IWA) - e delineando le caratteristiche distintive di ciascuno. All'interno di questa ampia panoramica, emergono due lacune critiche nella letteratura esistente, che orientano l'attenzione di questa ricerca: l'assenza di un metodo strutturato per discernere il modello di valutazione più adatto nell'ampio e complesso panorama delle metodologie IMV, e le limitate applicazioni empiriche, con il lavoro teorico che mette in ombra le implementazioni pratiche e ostacola una comprensione olistica della contabilità d'impatto e delle implicazioni tangibili della monetizzazione dell'impatto. La prima lacuna della letteratura viene colmata attraverso lo sviluppo di un quadro guida strutturato basato su una matrice che facilita la selezione del modello IMV più adatto alle esigenze e agli obiettivi distinti delle aziende che cercano di monetizzare i propri impatti. La seconda lacuna della letteratura viene colmata attraverso un'applicazione empirica completa, che sfrutta il modello IWA per intraprendere una stima dettagliata degli impatti all'interno dell'industria manifatturiera automobilistica, con lo scopo di trarre preziose intuizioni e mostrare il potenziale della contabilità d'impatto nell'affrontare efficacemente le sfide della sostenibilità e ridefinire le pratiche contabili. I risultati contribuiscono in modo significativo alla letteratura esistente in due modi. In primo luogo, la ricerca introduce un quadro di riferimento per la selezione dei modelli IMV, sottolineando l'importanza di un approccio personalizzato, poiché nessuna metodologia è universalmente superiore alle altre. In secondo luogo, l'applicazione pratica fornisce notevoli informazioni e profondità analitica, fungendo da modello per futuri studi empirici nei vari settori. La valutazione degli impatti in termini di valori monetari emerge come elemento cardine del reporting di sostenibilità, influenzando la comprensione degli stakeholder e promuovendo pratiche sostenibili.
The rise of impact accounting. A practical application of the impact-weighted accounts to the automobile manufacturing industry
Fortunati, Matteo
2022/2023
Abstract
In recent decades, capitalism and globalization have contributed to a concerning surge in negative impacts on the environment and society. Within this landscape, the ascent of ESG paradigm and the practice of sustainability reporting have gained significant importance. The recognition that companies bear significant societal impacts, often overlooked in traditional financial statements, has paved the way for the crucial paradigm shift from profit accounting to impact accounting; consequently, impact measurement and valuation (IMV) has emerged as a pivotal approach that enables companies to assess their impacts in monetary terms, serving as a bridge between financial and non-financial information. The thesis outlines the historical evolution from sustainability reporting to the advent of impact accounting, and then focuses on the rise of IMV methodologies, presenting a thorough exploration of the most relevant models – including the Impact Weighted Accounts (IWA) model - and delineating the distinct characteristics of each. Within this extensive overview, two critical gaps in existing literature emerge, steering the focus of this research: the absence of a structured method to discern the most suitable valuation model amid the wide and complex landscape of IMV methodologies, and the limited empirical applications, with theoretical groundwork overshadowing practical implementations and hindering a holistic understanding of impact accounting and the tangible implications of impact monetization. The first literature gap is addressed through the development of a structured matrix-based guiding framework that facilitates the selection of the IMV model best suited to the distinct needs and objectives of companies seeking to monetize their impacts. The second literature gap is bridged by delving into a comprehensive empirical application, leveraging IWA’s model to undertake a detailed estimation of impacts within the automobile manufacturing industry, with the purpose to draw valuable insights and show the potential of impact accounting in effectively addressing sustainability challenges and redefine accounting practices. The findings significantly contribute to the existing literature in two ways. Firstly, the research introduces a guiding framework for selecting IMV models, underlining the importance of a tailored approach as no single methodology is universally superior to the others. Secondly, the practical application provides notable information and analytical depth, serving as a blueprint for future empirical studies across industries. Assessing impacts in monetary values emerges as pivotal in sustainability reporting, influencing stakeholders’ comprehension and fostering sustainable practices.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/215055