Smart Working represents an opportunity for many organizations to innovate their work environment by introducing a more flexible approach to how employees perform their jobs. Although terminology and part of regulations already exist since late 2010s, until 2020 only a reduced share of working landscape exploited this tool. COVID-19 pandemic forced a considerable number of people to execute their job remotely. After the de-escalation of the sanitary emergency, many companies and organizations decided to try and adopt Smart Working as a flexibility tool for their employees. Also, Italian Public Administration (PA) seized the opportunity and allowed the use of Smart Working in different sectors to support people in achieving their job objectives. However, it is proved that Public Administration represents a field where introducing this kind of innovation is more treacherous than in private companies due to the intricated regulatory framework, the great variety of purpose and dimensions, and the difficulty in introducing innovations in this sector. The research presented in this thesis is focused on understanding the present and future diffusion of Smart Working in Public Administration, with further focus on effects of team composition and leadership styles on performances of the working group. My research investigated on Smart Working application in more than 400 Public Administrations, thanks to specific data collected through targeted surveys that have been distributed in collaboration with Osservatorio Smart Working. This information contributed to develop an updated view on the present state for the PA with regards to Smart Working as an innovative flexibility tool. After that, the collected data showed the significance of focusing on main central Public Administrations due to their higher level of organization and organic adoption of Smart Working to continue the research with a second, more in-depth survey. This second investigation had as respondents more than 9200 employees of a main Public Administration and their answers helped in answering the questions about team composition and leadership style. The research highlighted the importance of adequate policy structures and organizational setting that should facilitate smart employees to work in the Administration. Also, data evidenced positive statistical correlation between smart behaviour of team coordinators and workers’ performances.
La modalità di lavoro in Smart Working rappresenta un’opportunità per molte aziende di innovare il proprio ambiente lavorativo introducendo un approccio più flessibile al modo in cui gli impiegati svolgono il proprio lavoro. Benché la terminologia e parte della regolamentazione esistessero già dallo scorso decennio, fino al 2020 solo una parte trascurabile del panorama lavorativo sfruttava questo strumento. COVID-19 ha costretto un notevole quantitativo di persone a svolgere il proprio impiego da remoto. In seguito al calo dell’emergenza sanitaria, molte aziende ed organizzazioni hanno optato per provare ad adottare questa modalità come uno strumento di flessibilità per i propri dipendenti. La Pubblica Amministrazione italiana ha accolto tale opportunità e permesso l’utilizzo dello Smart Working in diversi settori per supportare le persone nel raggiungere i propri obiettivi lavorativi. È comprovato che la Pubblica Amministrazione rappresenti un campo più insidioso in cui provare ad introdurre un’innovazione di questo tipo, rispetto ad una compagnia privata, a partire dall’intricato quadro normativo, dalla grande varietà di obiettivi e dimensioni e dalla difficoltà generica nell’introdurre innovazioni in questo settore. La ricerca presentata in questa tesi si pone l’obiettivo di indagare la diffusione dello Smart Working nella PA, oltre a concentrarsi sugli effetti della composizione dei gruppi di lavoro e della modalità di leadership sulle performance dei team. Nella ricerca è stato osservato l’effetto dell’applicazione dello Smart Working in più di 400 PA grazie a specifici dati raccolti tramite sondaggi mirati che sono stati distribuiti grazie alla collaborazione con Osservatorio Smart Working. Le informazioni rilevate hanno contribuito a sviluppare una visione attuale dello stato dello Smart Working nelle PA. Inoltre, i dati raccolti hanno portato l’attenzione della ricerca sulle PA centrali, per via del superiore livello di organizzazione che le caratterizza e dell’adozione organica dello Smart Working effettuata da queste entità. Il secondo sondaggio è stato compilato da più di 9200 impiegati di una PA centrale, ed i risultati emersi da esso hanno contribuito a rispondere alle domande riguardo la composizione dei team e la modalità di leadership di cui sopra. L’indagine ha sottolineato l’importanza di un’adeguata struttura delle politiche aziendali e dell’assetto organizzativo, che dovrebbero favorire i dipendenti smart a lavorare nell’Amministrazione. È altresì emersa una correlazione tra un atteggiamento smart da parte dei coordinatori delle unità e le performance dei loro componenti.
Smart working adoption in the italian public administration: a study of the ongoing trends and observed impacts
PERRI, NICCOLÒ
2022/2023
Abstract
Smart Working represents an opportunity for many organizations to innovate their work environment by introducing a more flexible approach to how employees perform their jobs. Although terminology and part of regulations already exist since late 2010s, until 2020 only a reduced share of working landscape exploited this tool. COVID-19 pandemic forced a considerable number of people to execute their job remotely. After the de-escalation of the sanitary emergency, many companies and organizations decided to try and adopt Smart Working as a flexibility tool for their employees. Also, Italian Public Administration (PA) seized the opportunity and allowed the use of Smart Working in different sectors to support people in achieving their job objectives. However, it is proved that Public Administration represents a field where introducing this kind of innovation is more treacherous than in private companies due to the intricated regulatory framework, the great variety of purpose and dimensions, and the difficulty in introducing innovations in this sector. The research presented in this thesis is focused on understanding the present and future diffusion of Smart Working in Public Administration, with further focus on effects of team composition and leadership styles on performances of the working group. My research investigated on Smart Working application in more than 400 Public Administrations, thanks to specific data collected through targeted surveys that have been distributed in collaboration with Osservatorio Smart Working. This information contributed to develop an updated view on the present state for the PA with regards to Smart Working as an innovative flexibility tool. After that, the collected data showed the significance of focusing on main central Public Administrations due to their higher level of organization and organic adoption of Smart Working to continue the research with a second, more in-depth survey. This second investigation had as respondents more than 9200 employees of a main Public Administration and their answers helped in answering the questions about team composition and leadership style. The research highlighted the importance of adequate policy structures and organizational setting that should facilitate smart employees to work in the Administration. Also, data evidenced positive statistical correlation between smart behaviour of team coordinators and workers’ performances.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/215172