The current global situation is marked by geopolitical tensions that pose challenges in achieving the climate targets set by the United Nations. These targets aim to limit greenhouse emissions to 1.5°C and prevent catastrophic climate events with widespread societal and economic consequences. Since the signing of the Paris Agreement in 2015, countries have committed to developing individual plans to contribute towards this common objective. However, given the changing landscape, nations need to constantly review and adapt their strategies amidst uncertainties. Recent years have seen escalating tensions between Russia and Ukraine, conflicts in the Middle East, and major changes in the role and influence of developing countries. To bridge the gap between geopolitical tensions and global climate goals, COP 21 participating governments have established individual milestones of the necessary actions to achieve the renewable transition requirements in full and on time. While public sector commitment is crucial, involvement from the private sector is now essential to finance and implement these changes. Rather than exploring new energy production technologies, the participation of companies and investors requires new financial instruments and processes that guarantee investment profitability. Energy development has transitioned from being solely a technological matter to a financial one. This document aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the next decade's energy outlook by collecting major market trends. It focuses on the involvement of economic players such as corporations, funds, private investors, and banks in this transition. The role and impact of investors in the next decade are examined in relation to public authorities and regulators. Emphasis is placed on developing countries that require significant investments for sustainable development. The current state of infrastructure development, grid enhancement, and policy support are explored with the goal of facilitating investment and increasing profitability. The examination of investment targets is followed by an analysis of the structures and levers that private investors can utilize to ensure profitability while collaborating with companies and stakeholders. The study identifies risk-transferring business structures, and interest rates management as key factors to consider in promoting economically sustainable renewable investments. By properly configuring these two factors, investors and governments can establish favorable economic conditions for transitioning to renewables from a financial standpoint. This approach helps achieve more sustainable objectives and creates a foundation for further advancements in renewable solutions. Future research can further explore and analyse various regions to develop customized incentives and solutions based on the unique geographical characteristics of each area. This would allow for more targeted approaches in promoting renewable energy adoption, taking into account the specific needs and potentials of different regions.
L'attuale situazione globale è caratterizzata da tensioni geopolitiche che pongono sfide nel raggiungimento degli obiettivi climatici fissati dalle Nazioni Unite. Questi obiettivi mirano a limitare le emissioni di gas serra a 1,5 ºC e a prevenire eventi climatici catastrofici con conseguenze sociali ed economiche diffuse. Dalla firma dell'Accordo di Parigi nel 2015, i paesi si sono impegnati a sviluppare piani individuali per contribuire a questo obiettivo comune. Tuttavia, considerata l’instabilità del sistema attuale, le nazioni devono costantemente rivedere e adattare le loro strategie climatiche. Il contesto attuale, infatti, è stato influenzato dall’intensificarsi delle tensioni tra Russia ed Ucraina, dai conflitti in Medio Oriente e dai grandi cambiamenti nel ruolo e nell'importanza dei paesi in via di sviluppo all’interno del settore dell’energia. Al fine di colmare il divario tra le tensioni geopolitiche e le sfide climatiche globali, i governi partecipanti alla COP 21 hanno stabilito gli obiettivi individuali e le azioni necessarie a raggiungere integralmente e tempestivamente i requisiti della transizione energetica. Mentre l'impegno del settore pubblico è cruciale, il coinvolgimento del settore privato è ormai essenziale per finanziare ed attuare tali cambiamenti. Piuttosto che esplorare nuove tecnologie di produzione energetica, la partecipazione di aziende e investitori richiede nuovi strumenti finanziari e processi che garantiscano la redditività dei loro investimenti. Lo sviluppo energetico è passato dall'essere una questione esclusivamente tecnologica a divenire una questione finanziaria. Il presente documento si propone di fornire una comprensione esaustiva delle prospettive energetiche del prossimo decennio, raccogliendo le principali tendenze di mercato. Il ruolo che avranno nel prossimo decennio attori economici quali imprese, fondi, investitori privati e banche, è analizzato in relazione alle autorità pubbliche e di regolamentazione. Si pone, inoltre, l'accento sui paesi in via di sviluppo che richiedono investimenti significativi per il loro sviluppo sostenibile: vengono esplorati lo stato attuale dello sviluppo delle infrastrutture, il potenziamento delle reti e il supporto normativo, con l'obiettivo di agevolare gli investimenti e incrementare la redditività. Dopo l'analisi degli obiettivi di investimento, segue un'approfondita analisi delle strutture e delle leve che gli investitori privati possono impiegare per garantire la redditività, collaborando con aziende e stakeholder. Lo studio identifica la trasferibilità dei rischi in funzione delle strutture societarie adottate, e la gestione dei tassi di interesse come fattori chiave da considerare per promuovere investimenti sostenibili dal punto di vista economico nelle energie rinnovabili. Mediante la configurazione accurata di questi due fattori, investitori e governi possono stabilire condizioni economiche favorevoli per la transizione energetica. Tale approccio contribuisce al raggiungimento di obiettivi più sostenibili e definisce una base di partenza per ulteriori progressi nelle soluzioni rinnovabili. Ricerche future più mirate possono approfondire e sviluppare incentivi e strutture di investimento personalizzate in base alle caratteristiche geografiche specifiche dei singoli stati. In tal modo si potrà promuovere l’adozione di energie rinnovabili, tenendo conto delle esigenze e del potenziale specifici delle diverse aree analizzate.
The role of alternative financing in clean energy investments
BRAMBILLA, FEDERICO
2022/2023
Abstract
The current global situation is marked by geopolitical tensions that pose challenges in achieving the climate targets set by the United Nations. These targets aim to limit greenhouse emissions to 1.5°C and prevent catastrophic climate events with widespread societal and economic consequences. Since the signing of the Paris Agreement in 2015, countries have committed to developing individual plans to contribute towards this common objective. However, given the changing landscape, nations need to constantly review and adapt their strategies amidst uncertainties. Recent years have seen escalating tensions between Russia and Ukraine, conflicts in the Middle East, and major changes in the role and influence of developing countries. To bridge the gap between geopolitical tensions and global climate goals, COP 21 participating governments have established individual milestones of the necessary actions to achieve the renewable transition requirements in full and on time. While public sector commitment is crucial, involvement from the private sector is now essential to finance and implement these changes. Rather than exploring new energy production technologies, the participation of companies and investors requires new financial instruments and processes that guarantee investment profitability. Energy development has transitioned from being solely a technological matter to a financial one. This document aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the next decade's energy outlook by collecting major market trends. It focuses on the involvement of economic players such as corporations, funds, private investors, and banks in this transition. The role and impact of investors in the next decade are examined in relation to public authorities and regulators. Emphasis is placed on developing countries that require significant investments for sustainable development. The current state of infrastructure development, grid enhancement, and policy support are explored with the goal of facilitating investment and increasing profitability. The examination of investment targets is followed by an analysis of the structures and levers that private investors can utilize to ensure profitability while collaborating with companies and stakeholders. The study identifies risk-transferring business structures, and interest rates management as key factors to consider in promoting economically sustainable renewable investments. By properly configuring these two factors, investors and governments can establish favorable economic conditions for transitioning to renewables from a financial standpoint. This approach helps achieve more sustainable objectives and creates a foundation for further advancements in renewable solutions. Future research can further explore and analyse various regions to develop customized incentives and solutions based on the unique geographical characteristics of each area. This would allow for more targeted approaches in promoting renewable energy adoption, taking into account the specific needs and potentials of different regions.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/215893