Natural hazards are a major threat to communities resilience, hampering sustainable development, economy and social settings. The speed, severity, and complexity of known and unknown changes in climate, the often uneven impact across different areas, and the increasing interconnectedness of societies and their functions, increase the complexity of the approaches, methodologies and practices that aim at managing and reducing risks. This work proposes a shift from Disaster Risk Management to Resilience Management, as an efficient process where all those complexities find space and are systemically and comprehensively handled, linking the requirement of learning from the past to address the times to come. The present research gets shaped around three main pillars: Damage and Loss Data, Spatial Planning and Resilience Management. Spatial Planning is key for risk reduction, prevention and climate change adaptation for existent and future anthropized environment, it shapes exposure and vulnerability to the impact of hazardous events and it has the potential to boost resilience through lesson learned from past events. Understanding how a disaster has impacted the territory provides evidence-based knowledge through which it is possible to identify priorities to mitigate and adapt to future risks. While shifting towards the renewed approach of Resilience Management, this doctoral thesis proposes a methodology to support a proactive Spatial Planning, which by itself can act as an ex-ante mitigation measure capable of reducing exposure and vulnerabilities while increasing resilience, to avoid future losses while generating advantageous societal, economic and environmental configurations in contemporary territories. The methodology entails an operational procedure to evaluate resilience in areas exposed to hazardous events after performing a stress testing, making use of spatial, quantitative and qualitative data. Specifically, the methodology has been applied to the case study of Benidorm City (Spain) which has been selected for its emblematic characteristics being a model of urbanisation exposed to multi-hazards and characterised by social and institutional vulnerability. By stressing the system under consideration, resilience is assessed and framed within the Resilience Matrix. A tool which in a visual fashion delivers the results of the analysis of the urban system to highlight critical areas on which it is necessary to act in order to boost resilience through different phases of DRM and to highlight the capacity of the system to respond/withstand and react in case of disruptions.
I pericoli naturali rappresentano una minaccia per la resilienza delle comunità, mettendo a repentaglio sia lo sviluppo sostenibile che l’economia, così come l’assetto sociale delle comunità coinvolte. La velocità, la gravità e la complessità dei cambiamenti climatici, in parte noti, così come anche in buona parte sconosciuti; l’impatto spesso disomogeneo tra diverse aree; e, la crescente interconnessione delle società e delle loro funzioni, richiedono approcci, metodologie e pratiche che mirano a gestire e ridurre i rischi sempre più complessi. Questo lavoro suggerisce un cambiamento concettuale che prevede il passaggio dalla gestione del rischio di catastrofi ad un approccio di gestione della resilienza, inteso come un processo efficiente in cui tutte le complessità odierne trovano spazio e sono gestite in modo sistematico e completo, collegando l’esigenza di imparare dal passato per affrontare i tempi a venire. La presente ricerca si articola attorno a tre pilastri principali: dati di danno e perdite, pianificazione territoriale e gestione della resilienza. La pianificazione territoriale è fondamentale per la riduzione del rischio, la prevenzione e l’adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici per l’ambiente antropizzato sia esistente che futuro; essa modella l’esposizione e la vulnerabilità agli impatti di eventi pericolosi e nel contempo ha la capacità di migliorare la resilienza attraverso ciò che è possibile imparare dagli eventi passati. Comprendere l’impatto di un disastro sul territorio fornisce conoscenze basate sull’evidenza empirica attraverso le quali è possibile identificare le priorità affinché si possano mitigare i rischi futuri e ci si possa adattare ad essi. Attuando il cambiamento concettuale proposto che presuppone l’utilizzo dell’approccio della gestione della resilienza, la presente tesi di dottorato propone una metodologia a supporto di una pianificazione territoriale proattiva, che di per sé può agire come misura di mitigazione ex-ante in grado di ridurre l’esposizione e la vulnerabilità di un contesto territoriale, aumentando al contempo la resilienza, al fine di prevenire eventuali perdite future attraverso la generazione di configurazioni vantaggiose a livello sociale, economico e ambientale nei territori contemporanei. La metodologia prevede una procedura operativa per valutare la resilienza in aree esposte a eventi pericolosi dopo aver effettuato uno stress test, facendo uso di dati spaziali, quantitativi e qualitativi. Nello specifico, la metodologia è stata applicata al caso studio della città di Benidorm (Spagna), selezionata per le sue caratteristiche emblematiche essendo un modello di urbanizzazione esposto a rischi multipli e caratterizzato da vulnerabilità sociale e istituzionale. Stressando il sistema in esame, la resilienza viene valutata e inquadrata all’interno della matrice di resilienza. Uno strumento che, attraverso la sua struttura grafica, restituisce chiari risultati dell'analisi del sistema urbano evidenziando le criticità sulle quali è necessario agire per aumentare la resilienza attraverso la comprensione della capacità del sistema di rispondere/resistere e reagire in caso di interruzioni nelle diverse fasi della gestione del rischio.
Learning from disasters to enhance resilience of urban complex systems : using damage & loss data to stress testing cities and urban plans for resilience
Faiella, Anna
2023/2024
Abstract
Natural hazards are a major threat to communities resilience, hampering sustainable development, economy and social settings. The speed, severity, and complexity of known and unknown changes in climate, the often uneven impact across different areas, and the increasing interconnectedness of societies and their functions, increase the complexity of the approaches, methodologies and practices that aim at managing and reducing risks. This work proposes a shift from Disaster Risk Management to Resilience Management, as an efficient process where all those complexities find space and are systemically and comprehensively handled, linking the requirement of learning from the past to address the times to come. The present research gets shaped around three main pillars: Damage and Loss Data, Spatial Planning and Resilience Management. Spatial Planning is key for risk reduction, prevention and climate change adaptation for existent and future anthropized environment, it shapes exposure and vulnerability to the impact of hazardous events and it has the potential to boost resilience through lesson learned from past events. Understanding how a disaster has impacted the territory provides evidence-based knowledge through which it is possible to identify priorities to mitigate and adapt to future risks. While shifting towards the renewed approach of Resilience Management, this doctoral thesis proposes a methodology to support a proactive Spatial Planning, which by itself can act as an ex-ante mitigation measure capable of reducing exposure and vulnerabilities while increasing resilience, to avoid future losses while generating advantageous societal, economic and environmental configurations in contemporary territories. The methodology entails an operational procedure to evaluate resilience in areas exposed to hazardous events after performing a stress testing, making use of spatial, quantitative and qualitative data. Specifically, the methodology has been applied to the case study of Benidorm City (Spain) which has been selected for its emblematic characteristics being a model of urbanisation exposed to multi-hazards and characterised by social and institutional vulnerability. By stressing the system under consideration, resilience is assessed and framed within the Resilience Matrix. A tool which in a visual fashion delivers the results of the analysis of the urban system to highlight critical areas on which it is necessary to act in order to boost resilience through different phases of DRM and to highlight the capacity of the system to respond/withstand and react in case of disruptions.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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FINAL_PHD_THESIS_FAIELLA.pdf
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Descrizione: THESIS
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7.65 MB
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ANNEX_FAIELLA.pdf
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Descrizione: ANNEX
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2.12 MB
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2.12 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/217372