Climate change-derived risks push more and more governments towards the application of green policies to face carbon emissions and reduce the impact that industries have on the environment. Among all the energy sector is the most targeted one resulting on one side in uncertainties related to carbon-emitting energy sources such as gas, coal and oil, which are damaged due to their impact and witnessing a divestment movement, while on the other side in possibilities for those non-emitting energy sources being incentivized to replace fossil fuel. In this scenario many studies in literature have been conducted to assess the financial effects of such policies on the energy sector, but few have focused on the impact they have on the innovation activities of firms specialized either one of technologies. Following the hypothesis that fossil fuel-related technologies, being damaged by such activities, are forced to innovate to reduce their impact while sources not associated to carbon emissions, being favorized by governments, are also encouraged to innovate, this study proposes a first approach on such topic by presenting a comparative analysis between energy technologies associated to emitting and non-emitting sources to look at how the EU Emission Trading System (EU ETS) influences the impact that innovating in activities related to the conversion in energy of either carbon emitting sources and non-emitting ones has on the productivity of European electricity generating firms. The results show that in a regime without EU ETS, productivity of a firm is positively correlated only with innovation in fossil fuel technologies, while as the policies implemented get stricter and benefits related to renewable energy sources are added, the productivity is instead favorized by innovation in non-emitting technologies and negatively associated with emitting ones. The findings lay down an important base for future studies to help policymakers developing regulations that can push innovation in technologies associated with both types of energy sources.
I rischi derivanti dal cambiamento climatico spingono sempre di più verso l’implementazione di politiche green per fare fronte ad emissioni di CO2 e ridurre l’impatto delle attività industriali sull’ambiente. Tra tutti, il settore energetico è quello più bersagliato da queste politiche, risultando quindi da un lato incertezze associate a tecnologie basate su combustibili fossili, mentre dall’altro in incentivi legati a risorse energetiche che non emettono gas serra. In questo scenario sono stati condotti molti studi sull’impatto economico di queste politiche, sul settore energetico, ma pochi si concentrano su come queste influenzino l’innovazione del settore energetico. Seguendo l’ipotesi che tecnologie associate a combustibili fossili siano costrette ad innovare per far fronte a politiche sempre più stringenti, mentre allo stesso tempo l’innovazione legata a quelle relative a risorse energetiche che non emettono CO2 sia favorita da incentivi, questo studio si propone come primo approccio presentando un’analisi comparativa tra risorse energetiche fossili e non osservando come l’EU Emission Trading System influenza l’impatto che l’innovazione in queste tecnologie ha sulla produttività di aziende energetiche europee. I risultati mostrano che nel caso di mancanza di EU ETS, la produttività sia positivamente influenzata dall’innovazione legata a combustibili fossili, mentre con l’introduzione di limitazioni sempre più restrittive e benefici legati a tecnologie rinnovabili, la produttività diventi invece positivamente correlata a attività d’innovazione in risorse rinnovabili e negativamente associata a quelle fossili. I risultati portano un importante punto di partenza per futuri studi al fine di aiutare gli enti regolatori a sviluppare policies che spingano l’innovazione in tecnologie associate ad entrambe le fonti di energia.
The impact of climate policies on innovation: a comparative analysis among energy technologies
LAMBOTTE, ROYER
2023/2024
Abstract
Climate change-derived risks push more and more governments towards the application of green policies to face carbon emissions and reduce the impact that industries have on the environment. Among all the energy sector is the most targeted one resulting on one side in uncertainties related to carbon-emitting energy sources such as gas, coal and oil, which are damaged due to their impact and witnessing a divestment movement, while on the other side in possibilities for those non-emitting energy sources being incentivized to replace fossil fuel. In this scenario many studies in literature have been conducted to assess the financial effects of such policies on the energy sector, but few have focused on the impact they have on the innovation activities of firms specialized either one of technologies. Following the hypothesis that fossil fuel-related technologies, being damaged by such activities, are forced to innovate to reduce their impact while sources not associated to carbon emissions, being favorized by governments, are also encouraged to innovate, this study proposes a first approach on such topic by presenting a comparative analysis between energy technologies associated to emitting and non-emitting sources to look at how the EU Emission Trading System (EU ETS) influences the impact that innovating in activities related to the conversion in energy of either carbon emitting sources and non-emitting ones has on the productivity of European electricity generating firms. The results show that in a regime without EU ETS, productivity of a firm is positively correlated only with innovation in fossil fuel technologies, while as the policies implemented get stricter and benefits related to renewable energy sources are added, the productivity is instead favorized by innovation in non-emitting technologies and negatively associated with emitting ones. The findings lay down an important base for future studies to help policymakers developing regulations that can push innovation in technologies associated with both types of energy sources.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/217894